Roots Flashcards
Arteri/o
Artery
Arteriovenous: pertaining to both artery and vein
Arthr/o
Joint
Arthrosclerosis: stiffening or hardening of the joints
Blephar/o
Eyelid
Blepharism: spasm of the eyelid; continuous blinking
Bronch/o
Windpipe, throat
Bronchistaxis: bleeding from the bronchial wall
Cardi/o
Heart
Cardiovalvular: pertaining to the valves of the heart
Cephal/o
Head
Cephalogyric: petering to turning motions of the head
Cerebr/o
Brain
Cerebration: functional activity of the brain
Chir/o
Hand
Chiropractic: disease treatment by vertebral manipulation
Chol/o
Bile
Cholomesis: vomiting of bile
Chondr/o
Cartilage
Chondromalacia: abnormal softening of cartilage
Aden/o
Gland
Adenoid: resembling a gland
Col/o
Lower intestine
Colitis: inflammation of the colon
Colp/o
Vagina
Colporrhexis: laceration of the vagina
Cor/o
Pupil of the eye
Corotomy: incision of the pupil
Cortic/o
Cortex
Corticotrophic: having a stimulating effect on the adrenal cortex
Cost/o
Rib
Costalgia: pain in the ribs
Cyst/o
Bladder, cyst
Cystitis: inflammation of the urinary bladder
Cyt/o
Cell
Cytoglycopenia: deficient glucose content of the body or blood cells
Dacry/o
Tears
Dacryagogic: inducing a flow of tears
Dent/i
Tooth
Dentibuccal: pertaining to the cheek and teeth
Dermat/o
Skin
Dermabrasion: planing of the skin done by mechanical means
Dextr/o
Right side
Dextroversion: movement, especially eye movement, to the right
Encephal/o
Brain
Encephelomyelopathy: a disease involving the brain and spinal cord
Enter/o
Intestine
Enteromegaly: enlargement of the intestines
Fibr/o
Fibrous
Fibrochondritis: inflammation of fibrocartilage
Gastr/o
Stomach
Gastrodynia: pain in the stomach
Gloss/o
Tonuge
Glossopharygeal: pertaining to the tongue and pharynx
Gynec/o
Woman
Gynecomastia: exaggerated growth of the male mammary glands
Hem/a
Blood
Hematemesis: the vomiting of blood
Hem/o
Blood
Hemorrhage: the escape of blood from a ruptured vessel
Hepat/o
Liver
Hepatosplenitis: inflammation of the liver and spleen
Hist/o
Tissue
Histopathology: study of diseased tissue
Hydr/o
Water
Hydrotherapy: the external use of water to treat disease or injury
Hyster/o
Uterus, womb
Hysterctomy: surgical removal of the uterus
ili/o
Flank, upper hipbone
iliolumbar: pertaining to the iliac and lumbar regions
irid/o
Iris of the eye
iridodilator: agent that dilates the pupil of the eye
Labi/o
Lip
Labioplasty: plastic repair of a lip
Lapar/o
Flank, abdominal wall
Laparorrhaphy: suture of the abdominal wall
Laryng/o
Windpipe, larynx
Laryngoxerosis: dryness of the larynx
Lip/o
Fat
Lipophilia: affinity for fat
Mast/o
Breast
Mastatrophy: atrophy of the mammary gland
Metr/o
Uterus
Metritis: inflammation of the uterus
Muscul/o
Muscle
Musculocutaneous: pertaining to muscle and skin
Myel/o
Marrow, spinal cord
Myelatelia: imperfect development of the spinal cord
My/o
Muscle
Myocele: hernia if muscle through its sheath
Nephr/o
Kidney
Nephrolith: a calculus in a kidney
Neur/o
Nerve
Neurogenic: forming nervous tissue, or stimulating nervous energy
Odont/o
Tooth
Odontopathy: any disease of the teeth
Ophthalm/o
Eye
Ophthalmoneuritis: infammation of the optic nerve
Opt/o
Eye
Optokinetic: pertaining to the movement of the eyes
Orchid/o
Testes
Orchidic: pertaining to a testis
Oss/i
Bone
Ossific: forming or becoming bone
Oste/o
Bone
Osteoclastoma: a giant cell tumor of bone
Ot/o
Ear
Otopolypus: a polyp in the ear
Ov/i
Egg
Ovary: the female reproductive organ that produces eggs
Pharyng/o
Pharynx
Pharyngostomy: creation of an artificial opening into the pharynx
Phleb/o
Vein
Phleborrhexis: rupture of a vein
Pleur/o
Rib, side of body
Pleuroclysis: injection of fluids into the pleural cavity
Pneum/o
Lung, air
Pneumonosis: any lung disease
Pod/o
Foot
Pododermatitis: inflammation of the skin of the foot
Poli/o
Grey matter
Poliodystrophy: atrophy of the cerebral gray matter
Proct/o
Anus, rectum
Proctoplasm: spasm of the rectum
Psych/o
Mind
Psychotropic: capable of modifying mental activity
Pulm/o
Lung
Pulmoaortic: pertaining to the lungs & aorta
Pyel/o
Pelvis
Pyeloplasty: plastic repair of the renal pelvis
Ren/i
Kidney
Renal: pertaining to the kidney
Sacr/o
Sacrum
Sacrad: toward the sacrum
Sangui
Blood
Sanguigacient: forming blood
Sacr/o
Flesh
Sarcosis: abnormal increase of flesh
Ser/o
Serum, blood
Seroprognosis: prognosis of disease based on serum reactions
Sial/o
Salivary glands
Sialadenitis: inflammation of a salivary gland
Somat/o
Body
Somatometry: measurement of the dimensions of the entire body
Spondyl/o
Vertebra
Spondyloarthropathy: disease of the joints of the spine
Stomat/o
Mouth
Stomatitis: inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth
Thromb/o
Blood clot, coagulation
Thrombectomy: surgical removal of a clot from a blood vessel
Trache/o
Windpipe, trachea
Tracheotome: an instrument for incising the trachea
Trich/o
Hair
Trichoclasia: brittleness of the hair
Urethr/o
Urethra
Urethrostenosis: constriction of the urethra
Urin/o
Urine
Urinoma: a cyst containing urine
Ur/o
Urine
Urogenous: producing urine
Uter/o
Womb, uterus
Uterotonic: increasing the tone of the uterine muscle
Vas/o
Vessel
Vasodilator: causing dilation of blood vessels
Ven/o
Vein
Venosity: excess of venous blood in a part
Ventr/o
Abdomen
Ventrose: having a belly-like expansion
Cardi/o
Heart
Cardiology: study & treatment of the heart & it’s diseases
Chir/o
Hand
Chiropractic: disease treatment by manipulation of the vertebral column
Crin/o
Secrete
Endocrinology: study of endocrine glands & hormones
Dem/o
People
Epidemiology: study of causes & control of epidemics
Dent/o
Tooth
Dentistry: care & treatment of diseases of teeth, gums, and jaw
Dermat/o
Skin
Dermatology: study & treatment of skin disorders
Embry/o
Embryo
Embryology: study of embryo development
Enter/o
Intestine
Gastroenterology: study & treatment of stomach & intestine disorders
Gastr/o
Stomach
Gastroenterology: study & treatment of stomach & intestine disorders
Geront/o
Old age
Gerontology: study of aging process & problems of the aged
Gynec/o
Female
Gynecology: study & treatment of diseases of women & girls
Hemat/o
Blood
Hematology: study of blood & blood diseases
Immun/o
Protected
Immunology: study of the body’s defense system & related phenomena
Intern/o
Within, inner
Internal medicine: diagnosis & nonsurgical treatment of diseases
Nat/o
Birth
Neonatology: study & treatment of newborns
Nephr/o
Kidney
Nephrology: study & treatment of kidney diseases
Neur/o
Nerves
Neurology: study & treatment of nervous system processes & diseases
Obstetr/o
Midwife
Obstetrics: care of women during & immediately after pregnancy
Onc/o
Tumor
Oncology: study & treatment of tumors
Ophthamo/o
Eye
Ophthalmology: study & treatment of eye diseases & disorders
Opt/o
Eye
Optometry: testing of eyes in order to prescribe corrective lenses
Orth/o
Straight
Orthopedics: study & treatment of bone, joint, & muscle disorders
Oste/o
Bone
Osteopathy: treatment of disease by manipulation & massage of musculoskeletal system
Ot/o
Rhin/o
Laryng/o
Ear
Nose
Larynx, throat
(Otorhinolaryngology: treatment of ear, nose, & throat diseases & disorders)
Path/o
Disease
Pathology: tissue analysis to confirm diagnosis; also autopsies
Ped/o
Pedi/a
Child
Pediatrics: care & treatment of children
Pharmac/o
Drug, medicine
Pharmacology: study & practice of drug chemistry, preparation, use, effect
Pod/o
Ped/I
Foot
Podiatry: diagnosis, treatment, & correction of foot disorders
Proct/o
Anus, rectum
Proctology: diagnosis & treatment of anal and rectal disorders
Psych/o
Mind
Psychiatry: diagnosis, management, and prevention of mental disorders
Ur/o
Urine
Urology: study & treatment of urinary tract diseases
Abdomino
Abdomen
Abdominal cavity: space between the thorax (chest) & pelvis
Acro
Extremity; highest
Acromegaly: enlargement of hands, feet, & face
Adeno
Gland
Adenoma: benign (noncancerous) tumor of a gland
Aero
Air
Aerobic: living or occurring only in the presence of oxygen
Algesi
Sense of pain
Analgesia: inability to sense pain without loss of consciousness
Andro
Male
Androgen: a male sex hormone
Angio
Vessel
Angiology: the study of blood & lymph vessels
Ankylo
Stiffness; immobility
Ankylosis: stiffness or fixation of a joint from injury or surgery
Arterio
Artery
Arteriole: small branches of an artery
Arthro
Joint
Arthritis: inflammation of joints
Bio
Life
Biochemical: chemical reaction in a living organism
Blast
Bud
Blastocyst: early stage of embryo growth
Brachi
Arm
Brachial plexus: network of nerves in airport
Broncho
Air passages
Bronchitis: inflammation of the bronchi
Bucco
Cheek
Buccal cavity: the mouth
Carcino
Cancer
Carcinoma: malignant tumor
Cardio
Heart
Cardiopulmonary: relating to heart & lungs
Carn
Flesh
Carnivorous: meat eating
Carpo
Wrist
Carpus: the bones of the wrist
Caudo
Tail
Caudal: relating to tail; toward the hind end of the body
Cephalo
Head
Cephalic: related to head
Cerebro
Brain
Cerebral: pertaining to the brain; cerebropathy: any disorder of he brain
Cervico
Neck
Cervix: neck of the uterus
Chondro
Cartilage
Chondricranium: developing skull of the embryo
Colo
Large
Colon: greater part of the large intestine
Colpo
Vagina
Colposcope: instrument for examining the vagina
Costo
Rib
Costal: relating to the ribs
Cranio
Skull
Cranial nerve: nerve passing from the brain to the periphery of the body
Cyto
Cell
Cytology: study of cell biology
Dento
Teeth
Dentistry: medical care of teeth
Dermo
Skin
Dermoid cyst: cystic tumor in which are often found elements derived from the skin
Dermato
Skin
Dermatology: branch of medicine dealing with the skin
Digiti
Fingers, toes
Digitigrade: walking on the toes
Dorso
Back
Dorsolateral: involving both the back & the sides
Electro
Electric
Electrosurgery: surgery by means of electric current
Encephalo
Inside of head; brain
Encephalomyelitis: inflammation of the brain & spinal cord; common in horses
Entero
Small intestine
Enteritis: intestinal inflammation; common in domestic animals
Eso
Carrier
Esophagus: tube carrying food from the mouth to the stomach
Esthesio
Sensation
Anesthesia: loss of sensation
Estro
Female
Estrus: Heat cycle of female mammals
Gastro
Stomach
Gastric juice: digestive fluid secreted in the stomach
Genus
Beginning
Genus: biological class of life with same characteristics
Gingivo
Gums
Gingivitis: inflammation of the gums
Gnosis
Knowledge
Prognosis: anticipated prospect of recovery
Hemo
Blood
Hemoglobin: iron-containing substance in red blood cells
Hepato
Liver
Hepatitis: inflammation of the liver
Hydro
Water
Hydrophobia: fear of water
Hystero
Uterus
hysterectomy: surgical removal of the uterus
ileo
ileum (of intestine)
ileitis: inflammation of the ileum
ilio
ilium (of pelvis)
iliac: related to or near the ilium (as in sacroiliac
ischi
Hip; pelvis
ischium: dorsal & posterior pelvic bones
Lacrimo
Tears
Lacrimation: excessive or abnormal secretion of tears
Lacto
Milk
Lactation: secretion of milk
Laparo
Abdominal wall
Laparotomy: surgical section (cutting) of the abdominal wall
Lipo
Fat
Lipoma: tumor of fatty tissue
Litho
Stone
Lithiasis: formation of stonelike substances in the body
Lumbo
Lower back
Lumbosacral: relating to the lumbar & sacral parts
Lympho
Lymphatic tissue
Lymphocyte: white blood cells made in lymphatic tissue
Malaco
Softening
Osteomalacia: softening of the bones
Melano
Darkness; blackness
Melanoma: tumor containing dark pigment
Meter
Measure
Thermometer: device for measuring body temperature
Morph
Structure; shape
Morphogenesis: formation & differentiation of tissues & organs during boy development
Myco
Fungus
Mycology: study of fungi
Myelo
Marrow; spinal cord
Myelitis: inflammation of spinal cord or bone marrow
Myo
Muscle
Myocardium: muscular layer of the heart wall
Narco
Sleep
Narcolepsy: condition characterized by attacks of sleep
Necro
Dead
Necropsy: postmortem examination
Nephro
Kidney
Nephron: a single excretory unit of the kidney
Neuro
Nerve
Neuron: basic cell of nerve tissue
Olfact
Smell
Olfactory: pertaining to the sense of smell
oo
Egg
oocyte: egg before maturation
Ophthalmo
Eye
Ophthalmia: inflammation of the eye
Opia
Sight
Myopia: nearsightedness, or defective vision of distant objects
Orchido
Testicle
Cryptorchidism: condition in which one or both testicles fail to descend normally
Oro
Mouth
Oropharyngeal: relating to the mouth & pharynx
Osteo
Bone
Osteology: branch of anatomy concerned with bones
Oto
Ear
Otitis: inflammation of the ear
Ovo
Egg
Ovary: egg-producing organ of the female
Parie
Wall
Parietal lobe: middle division of each cerebral hemisphere
Patho
Disease
Pathogen: specific cause of a disease (such as a virus)
Phagia
Eat
Dysphagia: difficulty in swallowing
Phlebo
Vein
Phlebitis: inflammation of a vein
Phono
Sound
Phonocardiogram: visual record of heart sounds
Pilo
Hair
Pilose: covered with soft hair
Pleuro
Rib; side
Pleura: membrane lining rib cage & lungs
Pneumono
Lung
Pleuropneumonia: inflammation of the pleura & lungs
Pod
Foot
Podarthritis: inflammation of the joints of the feet
Pseudo
False
Pseudopregnancy: state resembling pregnancy that occurs in some mammals after infertile coitus
Pyscho
Mind
Psychology: study of the mind & behavior
Ptosis
Prolapse
Hysteroptosis: prolapse (sagging) uterus
Pulmo
Lung
Pulmonary artery: vessel conveying blood from heart to lungs
Pyo
Pus
Pyoderma: pus-filled skin lesions
Rhino
Nose
Rhinoscopy: examination of nasal passages
Scope
View
Stethoscope: instrument for detection of sounds observations within the body
Thoraco
Thorax (chest)
Thoracotomy: surgical incision of chest wall
Tropho
Growth; nourishment
Trophic disorders: nutritional disorders
Ur
Urino
Urine
Urogenital: relating to the organs of excretion & reproduction
Uro
Tail
Urophysis: growth at base of tail
Vaso
Vessel
Vascular: pertaining to blood vessels
Vivi
Live
Viviparous: producing live young
Zyg
Union; pair
Zygote: cell produced by union of sperm & ova