Anatomy Flashcards
Cilia
Hairlike extensions in the surface of those cells capable of movement
Endoplasmic reticulum
Membrane network of “roads” & “channels” that wind through a cytoplasm
Flagella
A sperm cell’s “tail”
Golgi bodies
Sacs that make and transport carbohydrate compounds
Lysosomes
The cell’s “digestive system”
Mitochondria
“Power plants” that burn food in the presence of oxygen to make cell energy
Ribosomes
“Protein factories” that make proteins
Anabolism
The building metabolic phase; grows, maintains, & repairs body structures
Biology
The study of life and life processes
Catabolism
The breaking-down metabolic phase; producing energy from food and oxygen
Chromosomes
Short, tightly-coiled rods that contain genes
Cyt/o
Cell
Cytoplasm
Substance between plasma membranes & nucleus of all cells
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid, the chemical genes are made of
Genes
Regions of DNA organized into the body’s “blueprint”
Kary/o
Nucleus
Karyoplasm
Substance of nucleus
Centrioles
Structures that function in cell reproduction
Karyotype
Pictur of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell
Metabolism
The chemical processes by which cells obtain and use energy
Nucleus
Spheroid body within a cell that dictates protein production; controls transport, metabolism, growth, heredity
Organelles
Structure within cytoplasm
-plasm
Formative, formed material
Plasma membrane
The outside boundary of the cell
RNA
Ribonucleic acid, needed for production of protein within cells
Tissue fluid
Salt water solution that bathes every cell in the body
Abdominal
Pertaining to the abdomen
Adipose
Relating to fat
Adrenal
Relating to adrenal glands; near kidneys
Alimentary
Pertaining to food or nutrition (alimentary canal)
Anal
Pertaining to the region of the anus
Aortic
Pertaining to the aorta (largest artery)
Appendicular
Pertaining to the arms/legs (appendages)
Arterial
Relating to arteries or the blood in them
Articulation
The joint or juncture of 2 or more parts
Aspiration
The act of breathing; withdrawing body fluid
Autonomic
Occurring involuntarily
Axial
Trunk & skull (skeleton)
Bowel
Division of the intestine
Bronchial
Pertaining to the air tubes of the lungs
Capillary
Smallest blood vessels
Cardiac
Pertaining to the heart
Cerebral
Relating to the brain, & the cerebrum in particular
Cervical
Pertaining to the neck or cervix
Cilia
Small hairlike structures
Cloaca
Urogenital passage of birds
Coccygeal
Tail area
Collateral
Secondary or accessory
Colon
Part of the large intestine
Copulatory
Relating to sexual intercourse
Coronary
Regarding the heart
Cranial
Regarding the skull
Cutaneous
Relating to the skin
Deciduous
Falling out @ the end of a stage or season; first set of teeth
Dental
Relating to teeth or dentistry
Diaphragmatic
Regarding the diaphragm
Diastolic
Regarding the dilation of the heart cavities
Digital
Pertaining to fingers or toes
Duodenal
Pertaining to the duodenum
Enzyme
Protein that causes biochemical reaction
Epidermal
Relating to the outer layer of skin
Epithelial
Pertaining to the outer protective tissue of the body
Esophagus
Tubular food passage between the neck & the stomach
Excretory
Relating to the discharge of waste
Exocrine
External secretion of a gland
Extremities
Terminal portions: arms, legs, feet, hands
Fecal
Relating to feces
Stool or excrement
Genetic
Relating to biological heredity
Genital
Pertaining to the reproductive organs
Hormonal
Relating to hormones
Intestinal
Pertaining to the large or small intestine
Larynx
Upper part of the trachea
Windpipe
Lumbar
Pertaining to the lower back
Metabolic
Relating to metabolism
Mucous
Secreting mucus
Mucus
Slippery secretion of mucous membranes
Neural
Pertaining to the nerves
Olfactory
Relating to the sense of smell
Ovarian
Relating to an ovary
Parietal
Pertaining to the walls of a cavity
Patellar
Relating to the patella
Kneecap
Pectoral
Pertaining to the breast or chest
Pelvic
Relating to or near the pelvis
Phalanges
Bones of the digits
Fingers & toes
Pharynx
Upper part of the alimentary canal
Prostate
Relating to the lungs
Pulmonary
Pertaining to the rectum
Renal
Relating to the kidneys
Sacral
Pertaining to the sacrum
Bone
Salivary
Relating to saliva or glands that secrete it
Sexual
Pertaining to the reproductive act or process
Spermatic
Relating to sperm
Sphincter
Muscle controlling size of a body opening
Spinal
Concerning the spine or spinal cord
Systolic
Regarding the contraction of the heart
Thoracic
Pertaining to the thorax
Chest area
Trachea
Tubular air passage in throat
Urogenital
Pertaining to the urinary & genital organs
Venous
Relating to veins
Vertebral
Relating to vertebrae
Backbone
Vestigial
Imperfectly developed or nonfunctional organ
Visceral
Organs within the abdominal & thoracic cavities