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BOTAONE > ROOTS > Flashcards

ROOTS Flashcards

1
Q

5 Main Functions of Roots

A

Anchorage
Absorption
Conduction
Storage
Communication

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2
Q

Types of root systems

A

TAPROOT SYSTEM
FIBROUS ROOT SYSTEM

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3
Q

A root system consisting of one prominent main root with smaller lateral roots branching from it

A

TAPROOT SYSTEM

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4
Q

A root system consisting of several adventitious roots of approximately equal size that arise from the base of the stem

A

FIBROUS ROOT SYSTEM

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5
Q

In monocots when seeds germinate radicle grows to form the primary root but this root is short lived and soon perishes. Seminal roots arise from coleorhiza to help absorption of water.

A

true

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6
Q

Region of Elongation or Differentiation
contains the

A

Protoderm

Ground Meristem

Procambium

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7
Q

Region of Maturation or Specialization
contains the

A

Epidermis

Cortex
Pith

Xylem
Phloem

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8
Q

a unicellular extension of the root epidermis.
Increase the surface area in contact with the soil

A

root hairs

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9
Q

Each root tip contains a protective loose layers of cells

Covers delicate root apical meristem

Detects gravity so root grows downward (positively gravitropic)

Secretes mucilagenous substance that moistens ground and facilitates root penetration and nutrient absorption

A

root cap

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10
Q

protects the root’s apical meristem.

A

root cap

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11
Q

To reach the vascular tissues, water and dissolved minerals must pass through the plasma membranes of _______

A

endodermal cells

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12
Q

A layer of cells just inside the endodermis of the root
Gives rise to lateral roots

A

PERICYCLE

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13
Q

Lateral Roots Arise from the Pericycle of the ________

A

Stele

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14
Q

Monocot roots often have a pith in the center of the root

In herbaceous eudicot roots, xylem and phloem form a solid mass in center of root

A

true

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15
Q

Monocot roots lack ____, they Do not have secondary growth

A

vascular cambium

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16
Q

Outer protective covering of roots

A

Epidermis

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17
Q

tissues in roots that consists of parenchyma cells and Usually stores starch

A

Ground tissues:

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18
Q

Ground tissues in roots consists of

A

Cortex
Pith (in certain roots)

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19
Q

complex tissues for conduction of substances

A

Vascular tissues

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20
Q

Vascular tissues in the root

A

Xylem Phloem

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21
Q

Vascular tissues in the root that conducts water and dissolved minerals

A

Xylem

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22
Q

Vascular tissues in the root that conducts dissolved sugar

A

phloem

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23
Q

Innermost layer of the cortex of the root that prevents water and dissolved materials from entering the xylem by passing between cells

A

ENDODERMIS

24
Q

A band of waterproof material around the radial and transverse cells of the endodermis
Ensures that water and minerals enter the xylem only by passing through the endodermal cells

A

CASPARIAN STRIP

25
Q

In a primary eudicot root, water moves from soil into center of root:

A

Water Movement

26
Q

Water Movement in plants

A

Root hair → epidermis → cortex (symplast or apoplast pathway) → endodermis → pericycle
→ xylem of root

27
Q

Water is transported upward through

A

root xylem into stem xylem and rest of plant

28
Q

A continuum consisting of the cytoplasm of many plant cells, connected from one cell to the next by plasmodesmata

osmosis

slower due to resistance

used for water to travel beyond the cortex

A

SYMPLAST

29
Q

A continuum consisting of the interconnected, porous plant cell walls, along which water moves freely

passive diffusion

faster due to less resistance

used by the secondary growth

A

APOPLAST

30
Q

route used so water could pass through the casparian strip

A

SYMPLAST

31
Q

An extension of an epidermal cell of a root that increases absorptive capacity of the root

Short-lived

Increase surface area of root in contact with moist soil, increasing root’s absorptive capacity

A

Root Hairs

32
Q

Modified Roots

A

Food storage
Propagative roots
Pneumatophores
Aerial Roots
Photosynthetic roots of some orchids
Contractile roots some herbaceous dicots and monocots
Buttress roots
Parasitic roots
Symbiotic roots

33
Q

Swollen bases or braces that hold trees upright
Aid in extensive distribution of shallow roots
Found in some tropical rainforest trees

A

Buttress Roots

34
Q

A specialized aerial root produced by certain trees living in swampy habitats
May facilitate gas exchange between the atmosphere and submerged roots

A

PNEUMATOPHORE

35
Q

Exposed roots maximize the uptake of oxygen.

A

Low tide:

36
Q

Submerged roots perform anaerobic respiration.

A

High tide:

37
Q

An adventitious root that arises from the stem and provides additional support for the plant.

A

prop root

38
Q

aerial roots that provide support to the tree. adventitious root

A

Prop roots

39
Q

the roots that arise from the base of the plant and perform the function of supporting the plant. adventitious root

A

Stilt roots

40
Q

root that arises from any point other than the radicle (embryonic root) or the root axis of a plant.

form from any nonroot tissue and are produced both during normal development

A

Adventitious root

41
Q

An adventitious root that arises from the stem and provides additional support for the plant

A

Prop Roots

42
Q

specialized root, often found on bulbs or corms, that contracts and pulls the plant to a desirable depth in the soil

A

Contractile Roots

43
Q

often have contractile roots that lose much of their length as root cells shorten and broaden.

A

Plants that produce corms or bulbs

44
Q

True bulbs, with the exception of some Oxalis, are exclusively found in the monocots whereas Tubers and Corms tend to be Eudicots

A

true

45
Q

are green, aerial, adventitious roots also called assimilatory roots which prepare food materials by photosynthesis

Aerial roots that perform photosynthesis. (maximizes photosynthesis by exposing the roots)

A

Photosynthetic Roots

46
Q

2 types of symbiotic roots

A

MYCORRHIZA
NODULE

47
Q

A small swelling on the root of a leguminous plant in which beneficial nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Rhizobium) live

Mutualism between a plant and bacterium.

A

NODULE

48
Q

A mutually beneficial association between a fungus and a root that helps the plant absorb essential minerals from the soil
“fungus roots” where a symbiotic relationship forms between a plant and a fungus.

A

MYCORRHIZA

49
Q

explain how nodules work

A

Bacteria: Fix atmospheric nitrogen to a form that the plant can utilize.
Plant: Provides food and shelter to bacteria.

50
Q

explain how mycorrhiza works

A

Fungus: Provides protection against some types of pathogens and increase the surface area for the absorption of essential nutrients (e.g. phosphorous) from the soil.
Plant: Provides food for the fungus in the form of sugar and amino acids.

51
Q

With fungus for phosporus absorption

A

Mycorrhiza

52
Q

plant roots that form clusters of closely spaced short lateral rootlets. They may form a two- to five-centimetre-thick mat just beneath the leaf litter.

acquisition of P and other mineral nutrients. Although increase in root surface area may be a contributing factor, in many species these roots excrete large amounts of organic acids and phenolics.

A

Cluster roots

53
Q

penetrates host plant and connecting them to vascular tissues

A

Parasitic roots

54
Q

roots that store lareg quanitites of starch and carbohydrates

A

Storage Roots

55
Q

Economic Importance of roots

A

Rootcrops as sources of starch
Some roots are used as flavorings
Medicine

BOTAONE (12 decks)

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