Chemical Constituents of Plant Cells (Proteins, Nucleic Acids, Secondary Metabolites) Flashcards
(72 cards)
constructed from building blocks called amino acids
Amino acids are joined to each other with special covalent peptide bonds.
Proteins
Each amino acid contains an ______ (which is basic), a _____ (which is acidic) and an R group.
amino group, carboxyl group
Different R groups give the __________ different properties, such as charged (+ or -), polar, hydrophobic, etc.
20 amino acids
The different properties of a protein come from the arrangement of the _______.
amino acids
Protein Structures (4)
(a) Primary
(b) Secondary
(c) Tertiary
(d) Quaternary
the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain, which is unique and specific to a particular protein
Protein Structures
primary structure
primary structure example
insulin
refers to local folded structures that form within a polypeptide due to interactions between atoms of the backbone
Protein Structures
secondary structure
secondary structure examples
amino acid proline
The three-dimensional structure of a polypeptide is called _________________ as found in alanine, valine, leucine and isoleucine that form hydrophobic interactions between one another.
Protein Structures
tertiary structure
tertiary structure examples
alanine, valine, leucine and isoleucine
is made up of subunits of multiple polypeptide chains,
Protein Structures
quaternary structure
quaternary structure example
hemoglobin
peptide bonds
Protein Structures
Primary structure
3D structure
3.6 amino acids per turn
alpha-helix stabilized by hydrogen bonds
H bonds between NH and CO
Protein Structures
Secondary structure
formation of domains
functional unit of proteins
made up of about 200 amino acids
stabilized by: disulfide bonds hydrophobic bonds hydrogen bonds
ionic interactions
Protein Structures
Tertiary structure
several subunits of proteins held together by hydrophobic bonds, H bonds, ionic bonds
Protein Structures
Quarternary structure
agglutinate cells, can induce preferential killing of tumor cells; acts as mitogens (cause cell division like in lymphoid cells)
Lectins (vegetable proteins)
Leguminous plants examples
(lentils, soybean, kidney bean, peanut) Balsam pear
Unfolding and disorganization of the protein structure
Destroys up to secondary structure
Peptide bonds not hydrolyzed
Promoted by Heat, organic solvents, mechanical mixing
Protein denaturation
Type of plants rich in Lectins (vegetable proteins)
Leguminous plants
find: Type of Protein
function: catalyst
example: Digestive enzymes
Enzymatic
find: Type of Protein
function: support
example: Collagen, keratin, membrane
Structural
find: Type of Protein
function: Storage
example: Casein, proteins in seeds
Storage
