Roots 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Major functions of plant roots

A

anchoring the plant in the soil
absorption of water and nutrients
transport of water and nutrients to the rest of the plant body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where do roots originate

A

formed in the embryo as a radicle when initiated at the root apical meristem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

2 main patterns for root organization

A

fibrous root and tap root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where do lateral roots develop

A

from the pericycle in response to chemical signals (plant hormones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where do root hairs develop from

A

the epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

root hair function

A

increase root’s surface area for uptake of water and nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where do adventitious roots develop from

A

from stems and leaves in stem cortical cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

roles of water in plant cells

A

structure (turgor)
cooling
photosynthesis
transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

apoplast

A

water movement outside the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

symplast

A

water movement within the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how does water move cell to cell

A

apoplast and symplast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how does water move between organs (vascular tissue)

A

xylem and phloem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how does water move from environment to plant

A

water uptake and evaporation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cell types involved in water movement

A

vessel elements and tracheids (xylem) (V)
sieve tubes and companion cells (phloem) (V)
roots hairs (D)
guard cells (D)
endodermis (G)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

roots are adapted to _______ water uptake

A

maximize

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Intracellular route of water

A

via cell interiors, through plasmodesmata (symplast)

17
Q

Extracellular route of water

A

via cell cells (apoplast)

18
Q

Casparian strip

A

a hydrophobic barrier in the transverse and radial wall of the endodermal cells

19
Q

how is movement blocked in the apoplast

A

by the casparian strip

20
Q

osmosis

A

the movement of water through the semi-permeable membrane from an area of low concentration to one of higher solute concentration

21
Q

water potential

A

describes the movement of water in plants (move from area of high water potential to area of lower water potential

22
Q

what is an example of what plants do to prevent water loss to the soil

A

when the soil is dry, the aquaporins close to slow rate of water loss. During prolonged periods of drought, aquaporin gene expression can decrease in the roots.

23
Q

how do solutes move across gradients

A

the move based on concentration gradients

24
Q

root pressure

A

if the solute concentration becomes high enough, pressure can develop in the roots, especially when there is a lot of water in the soil

25
what does root pressure do and what is it called
root pressure can drive limited amounts of water from the roots to other parts of the plant called guttation
26
T/F: guttation (root pressure) is the main mechanism plants use for water uptake or xylem transport
F. It is not the main mechanism