L2: Plant Cell Overview and Methods Flashcards

1
Q

Components of cells or biological macromolecules

A

proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids

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2
Q

What does the cell do?

A

Manufacture, structure, transit, power, storage, waste

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3
Q

Cytoplasm

A

all contents of a cell inside the plasma membrane, except the nucleus (includes the organelles and cytosol)

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4
Q

Cytosol

A

the liquid component of the cytoplasm, surrounding the organelles

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5
Q

Manufacture parts of the cell

A

Nucleus (head office, cytoplasm (factory floor), cytosol, ribosomes, ER, Golgi, vesicles, plastids

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6
Q

Power parts of the cell

A

plastids (chloroplasts), mitochondria, breakdown of storage organelles

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7
Q

Storage components of the cell

A

plastids (chromoplasts and leucoplasts), vacuoles, oil bodies

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8
Q

chromoplasts

A

pigment synthesis

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9
Q

Leucoplasts

A

lack pigment

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10
Q

amyloplasts

A

starch synthesis and storage

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11
Q

apoplast

A

extracellular space (outside of the plasma membrane); includes cell wall

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12
Q

symplast

A

region within the plasma membrane

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13
Q

waste components of the cell

A

Vacuole (crystals), apoplast, peroxisomes, entire cell via programmed death

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14
Q

peroxisomes

A

break down fatty acids and waste

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15
Q

structure components of the cell

A

cell wall, vacuole/cytoplasm

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16
Q

protoplast

A

plant cells that have their cell walls removed (enzymatic treatment)

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17
Q

How are new cell walls created?

A

formed during cytokinesis
microtubules carry vesicles that merge into cell plate that expands outwards until it hits the parental wall
when the cell plate fuses with the parental wall, it officially becomes a cell wall

18
Q

transit components of the cell

A

cytoskeleton (microfilaments and microtubules), golgi, vesicles, cell wall, plasma membrane

19
Q

how does the plant do shipping and receiving?

A

via plasmodesmata, diffusion, transporters

20
Q

Intracellular

A

within a cell

21
Q

intercellular

A

between cells

22
Q

plasmodesmata

A

tiny cytoplasmic connections between adjacent plant cells (found in primary cell walls)

23
Q

cells sharing plasmodesmata form a ______

24
Q

Microscopes

A

an instrument that magnifies an object

25
micrograph
photographs taken with a microscope
26
light microscopy
uses photons lower magnification potential than electron microscopy (range of scales) can look at both living and dead materials
27
Electron microscopy
Uses a focused beam of electrons examine objects on a very fine scale (subcellular features) higher magnification than light microscopy typically dead/preserved specimens
28
types of electron microscopy
Scanning electron microscopy Transmission electron microscopy
29
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
for visualizing surface topography (typically dead sample) magnifies sample 1-2 million X/times
30
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
visualizing anatomy, high magnifications for subcellular details (internal anatomy) (sample is dead) produces 2D image that is magnified >50 million times
31
Types of light microscopes
Dissecting/stereo, compound, confocal
32
What do stains do?
allow us to visualize other things in the cell
33
Dissecting/stereo microscopes
observing specimen surface features with up to 70X magnification sample can remain alive
34
Compound microscope
more than one lens to create magnified image up to 1000X magnification observing specimens internal anatomy (sections)
35
Confocal microscopes
uses laser light to scan samples that have been dyed allows surface and internal anatomy observation without cutting the specimen (sample can remain alive_
36
anatomical planes
planes are lines that cut/divide a specimen into different components
37
Transverse plane
cross-section that runs through middle (cut horizontal)
38
radial plane
along the radius
39
tangential plane
cut to show side
40
How prepared slides are made
Fix specimen dehydrate specimen embed specimen in paraffin wax or resin section with microtome mount sections on slide stain add coverslip and seal
41