L2: Plant Cell Overview and Methods Flashcards
Components of cells or biological macromolecules
proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids
What does the cell do?
Manufacture, structure, transit, power, storage, waste
Cytoplasm
all contents of a cell inside the plasma membrane, except the nucleus (includes the organelles and cytosol)
Cytosol
the liquid component of the cytoplasm, surrounding the organelles
Manufacture parts of the cell
Nucleus (head office, cytoplasm (factory floor), cytosol, ribosomes, ER, Golgi, vesicles, plastids
Power parts of the cell
plastids (chloroplasts), mitochondria, breakdown of storage organelles
Storage components of the cell
plastids (chromoplasts and leucoplasts), vacuoles, oil bodies
chromoplasts
pigment synthesis
Leucoplasts
lack pigment
amyloplasts
starch synthesis and storage
apoplast
extracellular space (outside of the plasma membrane); includes cell wall
symplast
region within the plasma membrane
waste components of the cell
Vacuole (crystals), apoplast, peroxisomes, entire cell via programmed death
peroxisomes
break down fatty acids and waste
structure components of the cell
cell wall, vacuole/cytoplasm
protoplast
plant cells that have their cell walls removed (enzymatic treatment)
How are new cell walls created?
formed during cytokinesis
microtubules carry vesicles that merge into cell plate that expands outwards until it hits the parental wall
when the cell plate fuses with the parental wall, it officially becomes a cell wall
transit components of the cell
cytoskeleton (microfilaments and microtubules), golgi, vesicles, cell wall, plasma membrane
how does the plant do shipping and receiving?
via plasmodesmata, diffusion, transporters
Intracellular
within a cell
intercellular
between cells
plasmodesmata
tiny cytoplasmic connections between adjacent plant cells (found in primary cell walls)
cells sharing plasmodesmata form a ______
symplasm
Microscopes
an instrument that magnifies an object