L11: Wood and Labelling Practice

Question 1

planes

Answer 1

lines that cut/divide a specimen into different components

Question 2

transverse plane

Answer 2

cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis

Question 3

radial plane

Answer 3

along a radius

Question 4

tangential plane

Answer 4

side cut of stem/trunk

Question 5

heartwood

Answer 5

non-conductive wood that accumulates coloured metabolites/resins that function in storage and defense

Question 6

Where is heartwood found in the trunk

Answer 6

interior to sapwood

Question 7

sapwood

Answer 7

actively conducting portion of wood where the parenchyma cells are still alive

Question 8

where is sapwood found in the trunk

Answer 8

interior to the bark

Question 9

bark

Answer 9

all tissue outside the vascular cambium

Question 10

outer bark

Answer 10

all the dead stuff; cork cells and residual epidermis

Question 11

inner bark

Answer 11

all the living stuff; cork cambium, phelloderm, cortex, phloem

Question 12

How do growth rings form

Answer 12

as a result of season slowing/cessation of vascular cambium

Question 13

why are patterns within a growth ring variable

Answer 13

gradual reduction in diameter of tracheary elements from earlywood to latewood

Question 14

when does earlywood form

Answer 14

at the beginning of a growth phase (ex: spring)

Question 15

when does latewood form

Answer 15

after a growth phase

Question 16

softwoods

Answer 16

generally needle-leaved evergreen trees (gymnosperms

Question 17

softwood axial system

Answer 17

mostly tracheids that are non-porous

Question 18

softwood radial system

Answer 18

ray parenchyma cells

Question 19

examples of softwood

Answer 19

pine, spruce

Question 20

What types of trees are hardwood

Answer 20

typically broadleaf deciduous trees (angiosperms)

Question 21

hardwood axial system

Answer 21

tracheids and vessel elements that are porous

Question 22

hardwood radial system

Answer 22

ray parenchyma cells that have more variety in size and shape

Question 23

example of hardwood

Answer 23

maple, birch, oak