Plant Nutrition

Question 1

Types of macronutrients

Answer 1

H, C, O, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg

Question 2

What do C and H make up

Answer 2

almost everything

Question 3

What does O make up

Answer 3

carbohydrates and other organic compounds

Question 4

What does N make up

Answer 4

amino acids, chlorophyll, nucleic acids

Question 5

What does P make up

Answer 5

nucleic acids, energy transfer (ATP), phospholipids

Question 6

What does S make up

Answer 6

amino acids and proteins

Question 7

What does K make up

Answer 7

osmoregulation, movement (guard cells)

Question 8

What does Ca make up

Answer 8

root hair growth, cell division, signaling

Question 9

What does Mg make up

Answer 9

chlorophyll

Question 10

types of micronutrients

Answer 10

Cl, B, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, Ni

Question 11

another name for micronutrients

Answer 11

trace elements

Question 12

roles for micronutrient Fe

Answer 12

important in chlorophyll synthesis and respiration

Question 13

roles for micronutrient B

Answer 13

component of plant cell walls

Question 14

roles of micronutrient Mn

Answer 14

enzyme cofactor and photosynthesis

Question 15

what is the most common way that plant nutrient requirements are determined

Answer 15

hydroponic culture

Question 16

2 important factors in plant nutrient status

Answer 16

availability in the soil
uptake into the plant

Question 17

what factors influence the availability of nutrients in the soil

Answer 17

soil structure, moisture, temperature, pH

Question 18

how can soil pH be altered

Answer 18

by secreting H+ or organic acids to lower soil pH

Question 19

how is nutrient uptake increased though soil pH

Answer 19

lowered pH increases cation exchange, co-transport (anions)
solubility

Question 20

examples of plant methods of increasing ability to absorb nutrients

Answer 20

lateral roots and root hair
symbiotic relationships with mycorrhizae fungi

Question 21

what form of nitrogen do plants typically absorb

Answer 21

ammonium (NH4+) or nitrate (NO3-)

Question 22

biological nitrogen fixation

Answer 22

free living bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia

Question 23

nodules are designed to exclude _____, which interferes with this process

Answer 23

oxygen

Question 24

bacteroids

Answer 24

organelle-like vesicles within the nodule in which bacteria divide

Question 25

what is the tradeoff between plants and rhizobia bacteria

Answer 25

plant provides carbon to the bacteria, bacteria provide plant with nitrogen as ammonia

Question 26

what is ammonia converted to by the plant

Answer 26

organic nitrogen

Question 27

how is nitrogen moved through the plant

Answer 27

the xylem

Question 28

where are seed storage proteins stored

Answer 28

protein storage vacuoles or protein bodies

Question 29

what do proteases and peptidases do

Answer 29

probe down storage proteins following germination to individual amino acid for use or transport

Question 30

how can carbon be stored

Answer 30

as starch or an oil

Question 31

where does starch accumulate

Answer 31

specialized plastids called amyloplasts

Question 32

where are lipids (oils) stored

Answer 32

stored in oil bodies as triacylglycerol

Question 33

T/F: oil bodies do not have a lipid bilayer

Answer 33

T, they have a lipid monolayer with protein called oleosin

Question 34

following germination, both starch and oil can be converted to ______

Answer 34

sugars

Question 35

how are cations and phosphorus stored

Answer 35

phytic acid (phytate)

Question 36

how is phytate used after germination

Answer 36

phytate is broken down by phytases to free up the phosphate