Plant Nutrition Flashcards
Types of macronutrients
H, C, O, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg
What do C and H make up
almost everything
What does O make up
carbohydrates and other organic compounds
What does N make up
amino acids, chlorophyll, nucleic acids
What does P make up
nucleic acids, energy transfer (ATP), phospholipids
What does S make up
amino acids and proteins
What does K make up
osmoregulation, movement (guard cells)
What does Ca make up
root hair growth, cell division, signaling
What does Mg make up
chlorophyll
types of micronutrients
Cl, B, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, Ni
another name for micronutrients
trace elements
roles for micronutrient Fe
important in chlorophyll synthesis and respiration
roles for micronutrient B
component of plant cell walls
roles of micronutrient Mn
enzyme cofactor and photosynthesis
what is the most common way that plant nutrient requirements are determined
hydroponic culture
2 important factors in plant nutrient status
availability in the soil
uptake into the plant
what factors influence the availability of nutrients in the soil
soil structure, moisture, temperature, pH
how can soil pH be altered
by secreting H+ or organic acids to lower soil pH
how is nutrient uptake increased though soil pH
lowered pH increases cation exchange, co-transport (anions)
solubility
examples of plant methods of increasing ability to absorb nutrients
lateral roots and root hair
symbiotic relationships with mycorrhizae fungi
what form of nitrogen do plants typically absorb
ammonium (NH4+) or nitrate (NO3-)
biological nitrogen fixation
free living bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia
nodules are designed to exclude _____, which interferes with this process
oxygen
bacteroids
organelle-like vesicles within the nodule in which bacteria divide
what is the tradeoff between plants and rhizobia bacteria
plant provides carbon to the bacteria, bacteria provide plant with nitrogen as ammonia
what is ammonia converted to by the plant
organic nitrogen
how is nitrogen moved through the plant
the xylem
where are seed storage proteins stored
protein storage vacuoles or protein bodies
what do proteases and peptidases do
probe down storage proteins following germination to individual amino acid for use or transport
how can carbon be stored
as starch or an oil
where does starch accumulate
specialized plastids called amyloplasts
where are lipids (oils) stored
stored in oil bodies as triacylglycerol
T/F: oil bodies do not have a lipid bilayer
T, they have a lipid monolayer with protein called oleosin
following germination, both starch and oil can be converted to ______
sugars
how are cations and phosphorus stored
phytic acid (phytate)
how is phytate used after germination
phytate is broken down by phytases to free up the phosphate
