Plant Nutrition Flashcards

(36 cards)

1
Q

Types of macronutrients

A

H, C, O, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg

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2
Q

What do C and H make up

A

almost everything

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3
Q

What does O make up

A

carbohydrates and other organic compounds

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4
Q

What does N make up

A

amino acids, chlorophyll, nucleic acids

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5
Q

What does P make up

A

nucleic acids, energy transfer (ATP), phospholipids

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6
Q

What does S make up

A

amino acids and proteins

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7
Q

What does K make up

A

osmoregulation, movement (guard cells)

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8
Q

What does Ca make up

A

root hair growth, cell division, signaling

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9
Q

What does Mg make up

A

chlorophyll

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10
Q

types of micronutrients

A

Cl, B, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, Ni

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11
Q

another name for micronutrients

A

trace elements

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12
Q

roles for micronutrient Fe

A

important in chlorophyll synthesis and respiration

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13
Q

roles for micronutrient B

A

component of plant cell walls

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14
Q

roles of micronutrient Mn

A

enzyme cofactor and photosynthesis

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15
Q

what is the most common way that plant nutrient requirements are determined

A

hydroponic culture

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16
Q

2 important factors in plant nutrient status

A

availability in the soil
uptake into the plant

17
Q

what factors influence the availability of nutrients in the soil

A

soil structure, moisture, temperature, pH

18
Q

how can soil pH be altered

A

by secreting H+ or organic acids to lower soil pH

19
Q

how is nutrient uptake increased though soil pH

A

lowered pH increases cation exchange, co-transport (anions)
solubility

20
Q

examples of plant methods of increasing ability to absorb nutrients

A

lateral roots and root hair
symbiotic relationships with mycorrhizae fungi

21
Q

what form of nitrogen do plants typically absorb

A

ammonium (NH4+) or nitrate (NO3-)

22
Q

biological nitrogen fixation

A

free living bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia

23
Q

nodules are designed to exclude _____, which interferes with this process

24
Q

bacteroids

A

organelle-like vesicles within the nodule in which bacteria divide

25
what is the tradeoff between plants and rhizobia bacteria
plant provides carbon to the bacteria, bacteria provide plant with nitrogen as ammonia
26
what is ammonia converted to by the plant
organic nitrogen
27
how is nitrogen moved through the plant
the xylem
28
where are seed storage proteins stored
protein storage vacuoles or protein bodies
29
what do proteases and peptidases do
probe down storage proteins following germination to individual amino acid for use or transport
30
how can carbon be stored
as starch or an oil
31
where does starch accumulate
specialized plastids called amyloplasts
32
where are lipids (oils) stored
stored in oil bodies as triacylglycerol
33
T/F: oil bodies do not have a lipid bilayer
T, they have a lipid monolayer with protein called oleosin
34
following germination, both starch and oil can be converted to ______
sugars
35
how are cations and phosphorus stored
phytic acid (phytate)
36
how is phytate used after germination
phytate is broken down by phytases to free up the phosphate