root of neck, axilla and breast

Question 1

four common physical signs of breast cancer

Answer 1

prominent/ puffy skin (dimpled, orange peel)

lump

enlarged axillary lymph nodes

nipple retraction and deviation

Question 2

where do the lateral, medial and inferior quadrants of breast lymph nodes drain

Answer 2

lateral: axillary lymph nodes -> subclavian lymphatic trunk
medial: parasternal lymph nodes
inferior: abdominal lymph nodes

Question 3

boundaries of the axilla

Answer 3

APEX: cervico- axillary canal: 1st rib, clavicle, superior edge of scapula

anterior wall: pec major, minor, anterior fold is inferiormost part

lateral wall: intertubercular sulcus of humerus

medial wall: thoracic wall and serratus anterior

posterior wall: scapula, subscapularis teres major, lat dorsi

base: concave skin, axillary fascia forms axillary fossa

Question 4

rotator cuff muscles

Answer 4

supraspinatous

infraspinatous

teres minor

subscapularis