Lower limb Flashcards
what are the boundaries and contents of the femoral triangle?
superior: inguinal ligament
medial: adductor longus
lateral: sartorius
medial to lateral: femoral vein, artery and nerve
what is the saphenous opening?
what is the clinical importance?
gap inferior to inguinal ligament
great saphenous vein and lymphatics run through it
what is lateral to the femoral ring?
femoral vein
collateral lateral ligaments of ankle
posteior talofibular ligament
calcanealfibular ligament
anterior talofibular ligament
what is the fascia lata?
stocking type of fascia, deep fascia of thigh
medial/ deltoid ligaments of ankle
tibiotalar ligament posterior and anterior
tibiocalcaneal
tibionavicular
spring ligament
plantar calcaneonavicular
unhappy knee triad-
medial collateral ligament
anterior cruciate
medial meniscus
foot fixed and force applied against knee (MCL attached tightly to meniscus)
blow to lateral side of knee
type of joint in the hip
ball and socket synovial
what type of bone is the patella and two bones attached to first metatarsal
sesamoid
medial longitudinal arch
calcaneus, talus, navicular, 3 cuineiforms and 3 metatarsals
supported by anterior and posterior tibialis, flexor hallucis longus
lateral longitudinal arch
calcaneus, cuboid, lateral 2 metatarsals
supported by flexor digitorum longus
transverse arch of foot
metatarsal bases, cuboid and 3 cuneiforms
supported by fibularis longus, plantar ligament and plantar aponeurosis
boundaries of popliteal fossa
superlaterally: biceps femoris
superomedial: semimembranosous
inferolateral: lateral head of gastrocneumius
inferomedial: medial head of gasctrocneumius
roof: skin and popliteal fascia
floor: poserior surface of femur, posterior capsule of knee joint, popliteal fascia covering popliteus muscle
contents of popliteal fossa- 6 structures
- termination of small saphenous vein
- popliteal artery and vein
- tibial and common fibular nerve
- posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
- popliteal lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels
- fat
what are the structures at medial malleolus?
Tibialis posterior
Flexor Digitorum longus
Posterior tibial artery
Posterior tibial vein
Tibial nerve
Flexor hallucis longus
what are the bony landmarks related to the sciatic nerve?
between greater trochanter and ischial tuberosity
where is the safe area for injection in the gluteal region?
gluteus medius- upper lateral quadrant
avoids scaitic nerve
arteries supplying the hip joint
acetabular branch of obturator artery
medial and lateral circumflex femoral artery branches of profunda femoris
why is the artery to the head of femur important in babies and children
supplies blood to acetabulum as the cartilage is still ossifying
function of iliofemoral, pubofemoral and ischiofemoral ligaments
iliofemoral: prevents hyperextension of hip when standing
pubofemoral: tightens extension and resists excessive abduction of hip joint
ischiofemoral: prevents excess extension and limits medial rotation
what is the funciton of sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments
sacrotuberous: stabilises pelvis to limit movement of pelvis and sacrum
sacrospinous: prevents rotation of ilium past sacrum
both divides pelvis to from greater and lesser foramen
what type of joint is the knee?
synovial hinge
which ligaments are most likely damaged when the ankle is sprained?
usually inversion
anterior talofibular
calcaneofibular
A: roof of acetabulum
F: fovea for ligament of head of femur
T: teardrop appearance caused by superimposition of structures at inferior margin of acetabulum
P: posterior rim of acetabulum
nerves that supply hip joint
femoral nerve
obturator nerve
superior gluteal nerve
nerve to quadratus femoris
3 superficial muscles of posterior compartment of leg and nerve innervation
gastrocneumius
soleus
plantaris
tibial nerve S1-S2
