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Anatomy > Oral and Nasal Cavities, Pharynx, Larynx and Thyroid > Flashcards

Oral and Nasal Cavities, Pharynx, Larynx and Thyroid Flashcards

1
Q

what are the boundaries of the oral cavity

A
  • from oral fissure (opening of lips) anteriorly to oropharyngeal isthmus posteriorly
  • divided to vestibule (between cheeks and teeth) and mouth proper
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2
Q

what are the boundaries of the mouth proper?

A
  • roof: hard and soft palate
  • floor: muscular diaphragm (mylohyoid), geniohydoid muscle, tongue, salivary gland and duct
  • lateral: cheeks- buccinator (facial n)
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3
Q

where is the hyoid?

A

C3

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4
Q

describe the structure of the hyoid

A

body, greater and lesser horns

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5
Q

what ligaments attach to hyoid?

A
  • stylohyoid lig: from styloid process of temporal bone to lesser horn
  • thyrohyoid: superior border of thryoid to post surface and greater horn
  • hypoepiglottic: hyoid bone to the anterior aspect of the epiglottis.
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6
Q

what is the lingula of the mandible

A
  • bony ridge surrounding the margin of the mandibular foramen
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7
Q

where is the thyroid cartilage

A

C4-C5

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8
Q

What is the structure of the thyroid cartilage?

A
  • 2 sheets- laminae- joined anterior at laryngeal prominence- adams apple
  • superior and inferior horns
  • superior connected to hyoid by lateral thyrohoid lig
  • inferior: cricothyroid ligament to cricoid carilage
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9
Q

what is the thyrohyoid membrane?

A

lateral and median thyrohyoid ligaments

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10
Q

where is the cricoid cartilage?

A

C6, inferior border of larynx

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11
Q

What is the structure of the cricoid cartilage

A
  • complete ring of hyaline cartilage
  • broad sheet posteriorly and narrow arch anteriorly
  • sigent ring
  • articulates with paired arytenoid cartilages posterioly
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12
Q

what is the epiglottis

A
  • leaf shaped plate of elastic cartilage
  • marks entrance to larynx
  • stalk attaches to back of anterior aspect of thyroid cartilage
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13
Q

what are the arytenoid cartilages

A
  • pyramidal shaped structures on cricoid cartilage
  • apex: articulate with corniculate cartilage
  • base: w/ superior border of cricoid
  • 3 sides
  • vocal process (anterior): attachment for vocal lig
  • muscular process (posterior): attachment for posterior and lateral circoarytenoid muscle
  • paired
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14
Q

what are the corniculate cartilages

A
  • paired
  • minor cartilaginous
  • articulate with apices of arytenoid
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15
Q

what are the cuneiform cartilage

A
  • pair
  • in ary-epiglottic fold
  • strength fold
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16
Q

what are the tracheal rings

A
  • incomplete C shaped rings of cartilage that hold open the trachea
17
Q

what is the hard palate?

where is it?

what bones make up the hard palate?

A

  • horizontal bony plate
  • anterior 2/3 of roof of oral cavity
  • make of palatine process of maxilla and paired palatine bones
  • separate oral and nasal cavity
18
Q

what are the divisions of the pharynx

A
  • nasopharynx: Base of skull to soft palate, continuous with nasal cavity, contains adenoid tonsils
  • oropharynx: soft palate to superior border of epiglottis, post 1/3 of tongue, lingual tonsils at base of tongue, palatine tonsils, superior constrictpor muscle
  • laryngopharynx: distal, superior border of epiglottis, inf border of cricoid, continuous with oesophagus
19
Q

what is the pharyx and where is it

A
  • muscular tube connecting oral and nasal cavity to larynx and oesophagus
  • starts base of skull and ends at inferior border of cricoid cartilage C6
20
Q

what is the larynx and where is it?

A

the organ of voice production, C3-C6

  • connects inferior part of oropharynx with the trachea
21
Q

what is the waldeyers ring

A
  • ring of lymphoid tissue in naso- and oro-pharynx formed by paired palatine tonsils, adenoid and lingual tonsils
22
Q

what are the muscles of the pharynx?

A
  • circular: superior, middle and inferior constictors
  • longitudinal: stylopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus
23
Q

what is the function of the pharyngeal constrictors

A
  • form incomplete muscular circle
  • contract sequentially
  • constrict lumen and propel food bolus inferiorly into oesophagus
24
Q

what innervates the constrictor muscles

A

superior: pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve, pharyngeal plexus

middle and inferior: pharyngeal branch of vagus, pharyngeal plexus, external and recurrent laryngeal nerves

25
Q

which nerves make up the pharyngeal plexus?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX and vagus nerve CN X

26
Q

what is the origin of the external laryngeal nerve?

A

superior laryngeal nerve

27
Q

explain the divisions of superior laryngeal nerve

A

splits in carotid sheath to internal and external laryngeal nerve

  • is a branch of vagus nerve
28
Q

what is the origin of inferior laryngeal nerve?

A

continuation of recurrent laryngeal nerve (branch of vagus)

29
Q

what is the course of recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

right: under right subclavian artery
left: under aortic arch

30
Q

What is the function of the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx

A
  • shorten and widen pharynx
  • elevate larynx during swallowing
31
Q

whats the innervation of the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?

A
  • palatopharyngeus and salpingopharyngeus- pharyngeal branch of vagus CN X
  • stylopharyngeus: glossopharyngeal CNix
32
Q

what is the sensory innervation of the pharynx?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

33
Q

what is the blood supply of the pharynx?

A
  • arterial from branches of external carotid
  • ascending pharyngeal a
  • branches of facial a
  • branches of lingual and maxillary arteries
34
Q

what is the venous drainage of the pharynx?

A
  • pharyngeal venous plexus
  • drains into internal jugular vein
35
Q

what is the soft palate

A
  • posterior of roof of oral cavity
  • muscle fibre covered by mucous membrane
  • anteriorly continuous with hard palate and palatine aponeurosis
  • posterior: free, uvula
  • palatoglossal arches and palatopharngeal arches

Anatomy (9 decks)

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