Root of Neck

Question 1

Where is the root of the neck?

Answer 1

It is immediately superior to the superior thoracic aperture

Question 2

What are the boundaries of the root of the neck?

Answer 2

Anterior: manubrium

lateral: by the first ribs
posterior: Vertebra T1

Question 3

What vessels are in the Root of the neck?

Answer 3

subclavian artery

subclavian vein

Question 4

What Nerves are in the root of the neck?

Answer 4

phrenic
vagus
recurrent laryngeal
components of symp nervous system

Question 5

What do both Subclavian arteries do?

Answer 5

pass anterior to pleural cavity in root of neck
lie posterior to anterior scalene muscles which divide each into 3 parts
become AXILLARY ARTERIES as they cross lateral border of first rib

Question 6

the three parts of the subclavian artery are described relative to the anterior scalene, where are these three parts?

Answer 6

first: medial to the muscle
2nd: posterior to muscle
3rd: lateral to muscle

Question 7

What arises from the first part of the subclavian artery?

Answer 7

The vertebral artery
internal thoracic artery
thyrocervical trunk

Question 8

What arises from the second part of the subclavian artery?

Answer 8

costocervical trunk

Question 9

What arises from the third part of the subclavian artery?

Answer 9

Dorsal scapular artery

Question 10

Where does the vertebral artery go as it ascends?

Answer 10

it ascends in the transverse foramen of the cervical vertebrae and enters the foramen magnum

Question 11

Where does the internal thoracic artery go?

Answer 11

it runs inferiorly thru the thoracic inlet and parallel to the body of the sternum. It descends on the internal aspect of thte anterior chest wall, giving off segmented anterior intercostal branches.

Question 12

The thyrocervical trunk arises as a short stem and abruptly divides into

Answer 12

two cervical branches and

one thyroid branch

Question 13

The suprascapular artery crosses the anterior scalene muscle, enters the posterior triangle, and passes posteriorly to the

Answer 13

suprascapular region of the back

Question 14

The transverse cervical artery crosses the scalenus anterior muscle to enter the ______ triangle to supply _______ _________ of the neck

Answer 14

posterior triangle

lateral structures of neck

Question 15

The inferior thyroid artery ascends in the neck and arches ________ and downward to enter and supply the inferior portion of the thyroid gland. The large muscular branch from the inferior thyroid is called the ________ _____ ______

Answer 15

arches medially

ascending cervical artery

Question 16

What does the costocervical trunk do?

Answer 16

supplies muscles of the root of the neck (deep cervical artery) and sends branches to the upper two intercostal spaces

Question 17

When it is a branch of the subclavian, the dorsal scapular artery passes laterally thru the trunks of the ______ anterior to the _____ scalene. It then runs deep to the _______ scapulae and _______ muscles. supply both and forming an anastomoses around the scapula.

Answer 17

trunks of brachial plexus
middle scalene
deep to levator scapulae and rhomboid

Question 18

The subclavian vein receives three major venous tributaries in the root of the neck, they are…

Answer 18

external jugular vein
vertebral vein
internal thoracic vein

Question 19

Where does the left phrenic nerve cross?

Answer 19

anterior to the FIRST part of the subclavian artery

Question 20

Where does the right phrenic nerve cross?

Answer 20

it lies on the anterior scalene muscle and crosses anterior to the SECOND part of the subclavian artery

Question 21

Where do the phrenic nerves run on both sides?

Answer 21

posterior to the subclavian vein and anterior to the internal thoracic artery as it enters the thorax.

Question 22

Where does the right vagus cross and what happens to its recurrent pharyngeal nerve?

Answer 22

it crosses ANTERIOR to the right subclavian artery, and gives off the right recurrent laryngeal nerve which passes MEDIALLY to reach the trachea and esophagus.

Question 23

where does the left vagus pass and what happens to its recurrent laryngeal nerve?

Answer 23

It passes anterior to the arch of the aorta, and its laryngeal nerve goes inferior then posterior to the arch of teh aorta and ascends between trachea and larynx

Question 24

Where does the sympathetic trunk pass?

Answer 24

upward posterior to the carotid artery

Question 25

What are the 3 major swellings of the sympathetic trunk in the cervical region?

Answer 25

inferior
middle
posterior cervical ganglion

Question 26

where is the inferior cervical ganglion?

Answer 26

just above subclavian artery

Question 27

where is the middle cervical ganglion?

Answer 27

vertebral levvel of C6 opposite the cricoid cartilage

Question 28

Where is the superior cervical ganglion

Answer 28

from vertebral level C1 to 2 or 3