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Gross anatomy module 3 > Axilla and Brachial Plexus > Flashcards

Axilla and Brachial Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior boundary of the axilla

A

pectoralis major and minor

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2
Q

Posterior border of the axilla

A

scapula, latissimus dorsi, teres major

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3
Q

Medial boundary of the axilla

A

ribs 1-4 and intercostal spaces

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4
Q

Lateral border of the axilla

A

intertubercular groove of the humerus

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5
Q

Base of the axilla

A

skin and fascia of arm

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6
Q

Apex of axilla

A

convergence of clavicle, scapula and rib 1

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7
Q

Contents of Axilla

A

Axillary Artery
Axillary Vein
Lymphatics
Brachial Plexus

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8
Q

Where does the axillary artery come from?

A

Aorta-> brachiocephalic trunk->subclavian artery-> becomes axillary artery

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9
Q

Where does the axillary artery begin? Where does it end?

A

it begins at the lateral border of the 1st rib and ends at the inferior border of teres major, then the axillary artery is continuous with the brachial artery

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10
Q

Where is part 1 of the axillary artery located?

A

between the lateral border of the first rib and the medial border of pectoralis minor

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11
Q

Where is the second part of the axillary artery?

A

posterior to pectoralis minor

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12
Q

where is the third part of the axillary artery?

A

it extends from the lateral border of pec minor to the inferior border of teres major

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13
Q

What is the 1st branch of the axillary artery?

A

superior thoracic artery

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14
Q

what are the second branches of the axillary artery?

A

Thoracoacromial trunk

Lateral thoracic arteries

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15
Q

What are the third branches of the axillary artery?

A

Subscapular artery
Anterior humeral circumflex
Posterior humeral circumflex

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16
Q

Where is the axillary vein formed?

A

at the inferior border of the teres major muscle by the union of the
brachial veins and
the basilic vein

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17
Q

What does the Brachial plexus innervate?

A

the entire upper extremity

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18
Q

what forms the brachial plexus?

A 
ventral rami of spinal nerves,  
C5
C6
C7
C8
T1
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19
Q

anterior and posterior roots form a

A

mixed spinal nerve

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20
Q

what does each spinal nerve innervate?

A

a segment of skin and a specific muscle

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21
Q

What does each spinal nerve give rise to?

A

anterior and posterior RAMI

22
Q

Where does the dorsal ramus go?

A

to deep back muscles/skin

23
Q

Where does the Ventral ramus go?

A

to trunk/limbs

24
Q

which rami form the brachial plexus?

A 
C5
C6
C7
C8
T1
25
Q

What are the roots of brachial plexus?

A

the ventral rami of the spinal cord

26
Q

What are the trunks of the brachial plexus?

A 
Comination of roots forms the
Superior
Middle
Inferior
trunks
27
Q

What are the divisions of the brachial plexus?

A

Each trunk divides into
anterior
posterior divisions

28
Q

What are the Terminal Branches of the brachial plexus?

A 
Two nerves from each cord
Musculocutaneous
Median (from 2 cords)
Ulnar
Radial 
Axillary
29
Q

Where do Supraclavicular branches come off of?

A

Roots or Trunks

30
Q

Level of Dorsal scapular nerve?

31
Q

Level of Long thoracic nerve?

32
Q

Level of suprascapular nerve?

33
Q

Nerve to Subclavius level?

34
Q

Where do infraclavicular branches come off of?

35
Q

What infraclavicular branch comes from the LATERAL cord?

A

Lateral pectoral nerve

36
Q

What Infraclavicular branches comes off of the MEDIAL cord?

A

Medial pectoral nerve, medial brachial cutaneous nerve

medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve

37
Q

What Infraclavicular branches come off of the POSTERIOR cord?

A

Upper subscapular nerve
Lower subscapular nerve
Thoracodorsal nerve

38
Q

What does the long thoracic nerve innervate?

A

serratus anterior

39
Q

what does the dorsal scapular nerve innervate?

A

rhomboid major
rhomboid minor
levator scapulae

40
Q

what does the suprascapular nerve innervate?

A

supraspinatus

infraspinatus

41
Q

What does the nerve to subclavius innervate?

A

subclavius

42
Q

what does the lateral pectoral nerve innervate?

43
Q

What does the medial pectoral nerve innervate?

A

pec major and minor

44
Q

what does the Upper Subscapular nerve innervate?

A

subscapularis

45
Q

what does the lower subscapular nerve innervate?

A

subscapularis and teres major

46
Q

what does the thoracodorsal nerve innervate

A

latissmus dorsi

47
Q

What does the terminal axillary branch innervate?

A

deltoid and teres minor

48
Q

what does the terminal Musculocutaneous branch innervate?

A

biceps brachii
brachialis
coracobrachialis

49
Q

What do the Median nerves and branches innervate?

A

Most muscles in anterior FOREARM

Lumbricles 1 and 2, and thenar intrinsic muscles of the HAND

50
Q

what does the Ulnar nerve inervate?

A

muscles of anterior forearm and HAND
Flexor carpi Ulnaris
Flexor Digitorum Profundus of forearm
and ALL REMAINING INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE HAND

51
Q

What do the Radial nerves and branches innervate?

A

All POSTERIOR compartment muscles of arm and forearm, NO MUSCLES IN HAND

Gross anatomy module 3 (7 decks)

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