Neck region Flashcards
Boundaries of Neck region?
Mandible, Superior Nuchal line (posterior), Top of sternum and along clavicle. Spinous process of C7
Superior Thoracic aperture opens directly into the
base of the neck
Axillary inlet, on each side of the superior thoracic aperture opens to the
upper limb
How is it that there are 7 cervical vertebra and 8 cervical spinal nerves?
C1 nerve enters above C1 vertebra and C8 exits below C7
What are the typical cervical vertebrae?
C3-C6
What are the general characteristics of typical vertebrae?
Small body, large vertebral foramen (often triangular) transverse foramen, Bifid spinous process
Atypical cervical vertebrae?
C7, C1, C2
What is C7 also called and why?
It is called vertebra prominens because it has a long non bifid spinous process. It also has the smallest transverse
What is C1 called?
The atlas
What joint does the Atlas make?
atlanto occipital joint
Describe the structure of the Atlas
Lacks a body, lacks a spinous process
What is the function of the Atlas?
Allows for flexion and extension and some lateral flexion. Anterior and posterior atlanto occipital membranes provide broad support and limit excessive movement
What is C2 called
The Axis
The AXIS forms the ________ joint with C1
atlantoaxial joint
how many articulations does the axis have with the atlas?
three
what are the structures of the axis?
has a body
Bifid spinous process
the Dens (odontoid process)
what is the function of the axis?
rotation between C1 and C2
Strong ligaments hold it in place
Where are the alar ligaments ?
from the side of the dens to the foramen magnum
Where is the transverse ligament of C1 and C2
extends between tubercles in medial aspect of C1 vertebra
Where is the cruciate ligament at C1 and C2
it is formed by a transverse ligament and its superior and inferior extensions between C2 and C1
At what level is the hyoid bone?
C3
Does the Hyoid bone have bony articulation?
no it is surrounded by muscles and ligaments, the stylohyoid ligament, and is bound to the thyroid cartilage by thyrohyoid membrane
At what level are the laryngeal cartilages? What is their function, how many are there?
C3-C6 level
they guard the air passages and are involved in voice production
there are NINE of them
What does the thyroid do and what is it deep to
it produces calcitonin and thyroid hormones, it is deep to the infrahyoid muscles
Where does the superior thyoid artery come from?
From the external carotid artery
Where does the inferior thyroid artery come from?
from the largest branch of the thyrocervical trunk
Attachments of the sternocleidomastoid?
Lateral superior nuchal line and mastoid process to the:
anterior surface of manubrium
medial third of the clavicle
Sternocleidomastoid innervation?
Motor: Accessory nerve (CNXI)
Sensory: C2 and C3
Uni and bilateral Action of sternocleidomastoid?
Unilateral: lateral flexion to same side, ROTATION to opposite side
Bilateral: cervical flexion
Attachment of Trapezius?
skul, scapula, clavicle
Innervation of Trapezius? mot and sensory
Motor: CN XI
Sensory: C2 and C3
Attachment and action of Anterior scalene?
Attachment: transverse processes of C4-6 and first rib
Action: Flex the neck and elevate first rib
Innervation of anterior scalene?
cervical spinal nerves C4-6
Attachment and action of middle scalene?
Attachment: transverse processes of C4-6 and first rib
Action: flex neck LATERALLY and elevate first rib
Posterior scalene action and attachment?
Attachment: transverse processes of C4-6 and SECOND rib
Action: lateral flexion, elevate SECOND rib
Does the phrenic nerve descend on the anterior posterior or middle scalene?
the anterior scalene
List the infrahyoid muscles?
omohyoid
sternohyoid
sternothyroid
thyrohyoid
Attachment of the Omohyoid? How many bellies does it have?
Superior scapula to the hyoid bone, it has two bellies connected by a tendon, attached to the clavicle by a fascial sling
Innervation of omohyoid
C1-C3 or ansa cervicalis
Attachment of Sternohyoid?
manubrium and medial clavicle to the hyoid
innervation of the sternohyoid?
C1-3 ansa cervicalis
Attachment and innervation of the sternothyroid?
Attachment: manubrium to thyroid
Innervation: C2-C3 ansa cervicalis
Attachment and innervation of Thyrohyoid?
Attachment: Manubrium to thyroid
Innervation: C2-C3 ansa cervicalis
what else does the thyrohyoid do?
elevates larynx and helps during swallowing and speaking
What do all Infrahyoid muscles do?
Depress hyoid during swallowing and speaking
List Suprahyoid Muscles
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Digastric Muscle
Stylohyoid
Attachment and innervation of the Mylohyoid?
Attachment: Mylohyoid line of the mandible to the hyoid bone
Innervation: Nerve to the mylohyoid (CNV3)
Attachment and innervation for Geniohyoid?
Attachment: Mental Spine of the mandible to the hyoid
Innervation: C1 via hypoglossal nerve
Attachment and innervation for anterior digastric?
Anterior belly
Attachment: digstric fossa of the mandible to the intermediate tendon
Innervation: Nerve to mylohyoid (V3)
Attachment and innervation for POSTERIOR digastric?
Posterior Belly
Attachment: mastoid notch to the intermediate tendon
Innervation: facial nerve VII
Attachment and Innervation of the stylohyoid?
Attachment: Styloid process of the temporal bone and the hyoid bone
Innervation: Facial nerve VII
What do all Suprahyoids do?
Make up a significant portion of the floor of the mouth and provide support, they also elevate the hyoid and larynx
