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Gross anatomy module 3 > Pectoral Region and Shoulder > Flashcards

Pectoral Region and Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

What bony landmarks of the humerus do you need to know?

A 
Humeral head
Greater Tubercle
Lesser tubercle
intertubercular groove
deltoid tuberosity
anatomical neck
surgical neck(further down)
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2
Q

What are the joints of the shouler complex?

A

Sternoclavicular
Acromioclavicular
Glenohumeral
Scapulothoracic

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3
Q

What are the articular components of the sternoclavicular joint? What type of joint is it? what type of cartilage does it have?

A

Sternal end of the clavicle and manubrium of sternum. It’s a MODIFIED saddle type synovial joint.
uses fibrocartilage

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4
Q

What movements does the Sternoclavicular joint do?

A

elevation/depression

protraction/retraction

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5
Q

What are the articular components of the Acromioclavicular Joint? What type of Joint is it? What kind of cartilage does it have?

A

Articulations: acromial end of the clavicle and acromion process of scapula
Joint type: Plane synovial
Cartilage: fibrocartilage

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6
Q

What movements does the Acromioclavicular Joint do?

A

GLIDING between clavicle and scapula

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7
Q

What are the articular components of the glenohumeral joint? What type of joint is it? What feature is special about this?

A

Articular: humeral head and glenoid fossa
Joint: Ball and socket synovial
Special: Glenoid fossa is ONLY 1/3 the size of the humeral head, both contractile and non contractile structures stabilize G-H

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8
Q

What type of movement does the glenohumeral joint do?

A

Flexion/extension
Abduction/Adduction
Internal and External Rotation

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9
Q

What NON contractile components stabilize G-H?

A

Coracoacromial ligament
Glenohumeral ligaments
Glenoid labrum

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10
Q

What CONTRACTILE components stablize G-H

A

Muscles of rotator cuff

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11
Q

What forms the coracoacromial arch?

A

smooth inferior aspect of the acromion and coracoid process of scapula with coracoacromial LIGAMENT between them

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12
Q

What does the Coracoacromial Arch do?

A

forms a protective arch over humeral head, precenting SUPERIOR displacement from glenoid cavity

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13
Q

Where does the tendon of the SUPRAspinatus muscle pass under?

A

Under the Coracoacromial Arch

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14
Q

What is the Glenoid Labrum? Where does it attach? What does it do?

A

its a fibrocartilagenous ring around the Glenoid Cavity.

Attached to the margin of the Glenoid Fossa. it DEEPENS the Glenoid cavity

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15
Q

What is the scapulothoracic joint?

A

Its a physliological joint rather than an anatomical one, its where movement between scapula and its muscles and the rest of you happens.

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16
Q

what happens during Shoulder Abduction because the subacrommial space is limited?

A

During FULL abduction of the arm we have to LATERALLY rotate our humerus to move the greater tuberosity out of the way

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17
Q

What accounts for the full range of motion of the humerus?

A

the scapulothoracic joint

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18
Q

What is scapulohumeral rhythym? Which joint is responsible for motion from -30 degrees? From 30-180?

A

The contributions each joint, glenohumeral and scapulothoracic, makes to give the humerus its full range of motion
0-30: GH abduction only
30-180: 2 to 1 of GH/ST

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19
Q

What are the attachments of the trapezius muscle?

A

superior NUCHAL line, external occipital protuberance, spinous processes of C7-T12
Scapula spine, acromion, lateral 1/3 of the clavicle

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20
Q

What is the ACTION of the upper middle and lower trapezius muscle?

A

Upper: elevates and upwardly rotates scapula
Middle: ADDucts scapula
Lower: depresses and upwardly rotates scapula

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21
Q

What innervates the trapezius?

A

CNXI, C3,

C4

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22
Q

What are the attachments of Latissimus dorsi?

A

Spinous process T7-12
Iliac crest
Ribs 9-12
intertubercular groove of humeus

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23
Q

What is the action of Latissimus dorsi?

A

Shoulder extension, ADDuction and internal rotation

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24
Q

What is innervation of Latissimus dorsi?

A

thoracodorsal nerve

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25
Q

What are the attachments of Levator scapulae?

A

TRANSVERSE processes of C1-4

superior medial border of scapula

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26
Q

What is the action of Levator scapulae?

A

Elevates and downwardly rotates scapula

27
Q

What is the Innervation of Levator Scapulae?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve C5

28
Q

What are the attachments of Rhomboid minor?

A

Spinous process C7-T1

Medial scapular border at the level of the root of scapular spine

29
Q

What are the attachments of rhomboid major?

A

Spinous process T2-T5

Medial scapular border from level of spine to inferior angle

30
Q

What is the action of the rhomboids?

A

ADDUCTS/ retracts and downwardly rotates scapula

31
Q

What is the innervation of the rhomboids?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

32
Q

What are the attachments of pec major?

A

Clavicular head: medial half of clavicle
Sternocostal head: anterior sternum upper SIX costal cartilage
intertubercular groove of humerus

33
Q

What is the action of pec major?

A

Adducts and medially rotates humerus

34
Q

What are pec minor’s attachments?

A

ribs 3-5

corocoid process of scapula

35
Q

what is pec minor’s action?

A

stabilizes scapula

36
Q

what innervates pec minor?

A

medial pec nerve

37
Q

What is the action of serratus anterior?

A

Protracts and upwardly rotates the scapula, holds scapula against thoracic wall

38
Q

What are the attachments of subclavius muscle?

A

junction of FIRST rib and costal cartilage

INFERIOR surface of medial third of clavicle

39
Q

What is the action of the subclavius muscle?

A

anchors and depresses clavicle

40
Q

what innervates subclavius?

A

nerve to subclavius

41
Q

Name the intrinsic muscles of the shoulder

A 
Coracobrachialis
Deltoid
Teres Major and minor
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
42
Q

What are the attachments of coracobrachialis?

A

(just the) tip of coracoid process

Medial, middle 1/3 of humerus

43
Q

What is the action of Coracobrachialis?

A

flex and adducts shoulder

44
Q

what innervates Coracobrachialis?

A

musculocutaneous nerve

45
Q

What are the attachments of the deltoid muscle?

A

scapula spine
acromion
lateral 1/3 clavicle
deltoid tuberosity of humerus

46
Q

What is the action of the deltoid muscle? Anterior middle and posterior

A

Anterior: shoulder flexion
Middle: Shoulder abduction
Post: shoulder extension

47
Q

What innervates the deltoid Muscle?

A

axillary nerve

48
Q

Where are attachments for Teres major?

A

inferior lateral aspect of posterior surface of scapula

medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

49
Q

what is the action of Teres major?

A

shoulder medial/internal rotation

50
Q

What innervates Teres Major?

A

lower subscapular nerve

51
Q

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

A

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

52
Q

What are the attachments of the Supraspinatus muscle?

A

supraspinous fossa

greater tubercle of humerus

53
Q

What are the attachments of Infraspinatus muscle?

A

infraspinous fosssa

greater tubercle of humerus

54
Q

What are the attachments of Teres Minor?

A

Middle part of lateral border of scapula

greater tubercle of humerus

55
Q

What are the attachments of the Subscapularis?

A

subscapular Fossa

LESSER tubercle of humerus

56
Q

What is the action and innervation of the supraspinatus?

A

Action:shoulder ABduction
Innervate: suprascapular n.

57
Q

what is the action and innervation of the infraspinatus muscle?

A

Action: shoulder lateral/ external rotation
Innerv: suprascapular nerve

58
Q

What is the action and innervation of Teres Minor?

A

Action: shoulder lateral/ external rotation
Innerv: axillary nerve

59
Q

What is the action and innervation of teh subscapularis muuscle?

A

Action: shoulder medial/ internal rotation?
innervation: UPPER subscapular nerve and LOWER subscapular nerve

60
Q

What are the boundaries of the Quadrangular space?

A

Superior: Teres minor
Inferior: teres major
medial: long head of triceps brachii
Lateral: sugrical neck of humerus

61
Q

what do tendons of the 4 rotator cuff muscles do?

A

blend with fibrous capsule forming a cuff which reinforces the joint capsule and provides active GH stability

62
Q

What do rotator cuff muscles do to help?

A

All four provide compressive forces across GH joint= dynamic stability. They are critical to maintaining humerus centered within glenoid fossa

63
Q

Which 3 rotator cuff muscles depress the head of the humerus during shoulder elevation?

A

Infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

Gross anatomy module 3 (7 decks)

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