Rome Flashcards
What does ‘Caput Mundi’ mean, signifying Rome’s status as the hub of world power?
Head of the World
What artistic approach was a reversal of idealization in Roman art?
Hyper realism
What was the period before emperors ruled Rome, lasting from 500-27 BCE?
Roman Republican Period
Who was the first emperor of Rome, marking the beginning of the Early Roman Empire in 27 BCE?
Augustus
Which emperor moved the capital of Rome to Byzantium, marking the Late Roman Empire (180-330 CE)?
Emperor Constantine
How did Romans use art, particularly sculptures and monuments?
As propaganda
What type of sculpture depicted non-idealized versions of people?
Portrait sculpture
What type of sculpture was used for narrative storytelling, appearing on altars and tombs?
Relief sculpture
What is a sculpture of a head detached from the body, often used to extend an emperor’s authority?
Bust
Which sculpture was an example of an equestrian monument, depicting a figure with an outstretched commanding hand?
Equestrian Monument of Marc Anthony
What painting technique involved applying paint directly on wet plaster walls?
Roman Fresco Technique
What is the name for a pattern or picture made of small colored pieces of stone or glass squares embedded in cement?
Mosaic
What construction material, developed by the Romans, allowed them to build larger structures?
Concrete
What type of Roman architectural structure was built to commemorate victories, with a general passing through the middle arch?
Triumphal Arch
Which triumphal arch commemorates Constantine’s victories?
Arch of Constantine
What architectural structure contains reliefs of how battles took place?
Column of Victory
Which Roman column is a free-standing monument featuring a spiral relief in honor of Trajan’s victories?
Trajan’s Column
What architectural structure is formed from wedge-shaped stones with centering?
Arch
What is an arched masonry structure that forms the ceiling of a building?
Vault
What is a series of arches rotated 360 degrees to form a rounded ceiling?
Dome
Which Roman structure was dedicated to all planetary gods and has a dome with a floor plan diameter equal to its height?
Pantheon
What is the circular opening at the top of the Pantheon’s dome, allowing light inside?
Oculus
What architectural feature incorporates elements of an earlier temple building, serving as an entrance?
Portico
Who was the Roman architect that standardized Greek orders for architecture?
Vitruvius
Which Roman order was derived from the Greek Doric, but without fluting and with a base?
Tuscan Order
Which Roman order combines an Ionic shaft with a Corinthian capital?
Composite Order
Which Roman landmark was a coliseum that housed Roman games, combining Roman arches and vault construction?
Flavian Amphitheatre
Which monument is considered one of the greatest marble structures, commemorating the Pax Augustus?
Ara Pacis
What was the Roman counterpart of the Greek agora, consisting of temples, triumphal arches, and shops?
Forum
What type of Roman structure was built on top of a podium, had a porch, and used peripteral or engaged columns?
Temple
What was the term for a Roman middle-class house?
Domus
What was the Roman equivalent of an apartment complex, often up to five stories high?
Insulae
What type of Roman house belonged to the upper class?
Villa
What type of Roman performance structure had a more elaborate skene than Greek theatres and was built on level ground?
Theatre
What was a smaller, oval or circular Roman structure used for performances, distinct from a coliseum?
Amphitheatre
What was the term for a massive Roman coliseum that held gladiator events and was inaugurated by Titus in 80 AD?
Coliseum
What Roman engineering structure transported water using lead pipes?
Aqueducts
Which famous Roman aqueduct is located in France?
Pont du Gard
What were the luxurious public bathhouses of Imperial Rome that represented the pleasure-seeking culture?
Thermae
Which famous Roman bath complex was located in England?
Baths of Caracalla
What was another term for a hippodrome, used as a long hairpin-shaped racecourse for chariot races?
Circus
Which famous Roman circus was the largest, used for chariot races?
Circus Maximus
What type of Roman structure housed law courts?
Basilica
Which famous Roman basilica was an important law court?
Basilica Ulpia
What type of Roman structure was pyramidal or temple-shaped and served as a monumental burial site?
Tomb
Which part of a Roman temple was equivalent to the Greek pronaos?
Cella
What is the name for the entrance structure of a Roman temple?
Porch
What was the cold room in a Roman public bath?
Frigidarium
What was the warm room in a Roman public bath?
Tepidarium
What was the hot room in a Roman public bath?
Caldarium
What was the dressing room in a Roman public bath?
Apodyteria
