Philippines - Terms Flashcards
What is the nickname of the Philippines?
Pearl of the Orient.
What is the capital of the Philippines?
Manila.
What are the historical periods of Philippine architecture and interior design?
Pre-colonial, Spanish Colonial (Baroque), American Colonial (Art Deco), Post War (Modern).
When was Interior Design institutionalized as a profession in the Philippines?
1963 by the Philippine Institute of Interior Design.
When did the training of Interior Design professionals begin in the Philippines?
1965
What does the term ‘Antique’ refer to in furniture?
The age of the furniture piece; also means style; anything ornate no matter how recent its origins may be.
What is Patina?
Greenish film that forms on old bronze.
What is a Replica?
Copies executed within the period of the original.
What is a Reproduction?
Copies executed outside the period of the original.
What is a Fake in furniture terminology?
Reproductions marked as originals.
What characterizes Pre-Colonial furniture pieces?
Result of man’s basic needs; for communal living.
What is Panolong?
Okir carved. Butterfly wing floor beam ends.
What is Torogan?
Maranao royal house. Sleeping place. Known for the panolong with pakong rabong motif.
What is Panggao?
Sleeping area of the datu.
What is Gibon?
Room made for the princess and her ladies.
What is Lamin?
Airy room accessed only from behind the headboard of the datu’s bed.
What is Liyamin?
Occupant.
What is Pamadingan?
Walls; hardwood planks sometimes with chiseled patterns.
What is Po-kok?
Grain storage with removable door.
What is Dulong?
Sleeping platform.
What does ‘Silid’ mean?
To keep safe; room storage for valuable and serves as a dressing room.
What is Borak?
Mythical winged horse with a woman’s head.
What is Sarimanok?
Stylized design of a bird holding a fish in its beak; Lake Lanao’s fertile waters.
What is Naga?
Elaborate mythical serpent or dragon with vigorous S curves.
What is Pako Rabong?
Stylized growing fern.
What is Kinabigat?
King Post; roof’s main vertical support; upright human figure is carved on a wealthy Ifugao’s kinabigat.
What is Bulul?
Anito or house guardian; harvest and ritual figures.
What were Tertulias?
Social gatherings held in the Sala Mayor.
What is a Convento?
Bahay pari; always situated beside the Church.
What are Celdas?
Individual rooms.
What is a Cuarto?
Room.
What is a Dormitorio?
Bedroom.
What is Canon Principalia?
Main hall.
What is a Sala?
Drawing room.
What is a Galeria?
Hall.
What is an Antesala?
Reception room.
What is a Cocina?
Kitchen.
What is a Sala Comedor?
Dining room.
What are Casas de Canteria y Teja?
Houses of wood and stone with tile roofs.
Who were the Maestros de Obra?
Master builders of Filipino, Chinese, and Japanese ethnicity.
What was ‘Bajo Las Campanas’?
Imposed by the Church and state rule. A city is designed in a grid pattern with a Central Plaza Iglesia (Church) and Casa Real (Townhall).
What is Bahay na Bato?
Use of stone and wood as main building materials.
What types of wood were used for structural timber in traditional Philippine architecture?
Mulawin, Tugas, and Yakal for their strength and resistance to rotting.
What types of wood were used for interior members?
Narra and Ipil.
What characterized Cebu Chief’s House?
Built like a hayloft. Constructed of wood and raised high from the ground. Contained little or no furniture but had imported porcelain ware, storage jars, and bronze gongs.
What was unique about Awi, Butuan’s Chief’s house?
All of his dishes and some portions of his house were made of gold.
What was notable about Raja Soliman’s House?
It was largely built and contained many valuable things.
What was a Maranao Waray House?
Ordinary house that has minimal décor.
What was a Royal House?
Highly ornamented house.
What is a Bahay Kubo?
Nipa hut. Typical in the highlands.
What is a Hagabi?
A long bench carved out of a massive tree trunk.
What is a Bangkito / Bangko?
A small wooden bench.
What is a Kudkuran?
A coconut grater.
What is a Tampipi?
A woven storage box.
What is a Baul?
A Maranao Islamic chest.
What is a Banig?
A woven mat.
What is a Papag?
A wooden sleeping platform.
What is a Dulang?
A low table.
What is an Almario?
A pillow rack.
What is a Banggerahan?
An open shelf made of bamboo slats used for drying plates.
What is a Paminggalan?
A dish storage cabinet in the kitchen.
What is a Baro?
A mattress-like wooden sleeping surface.
What is a Dapugan?
A traditional stove.
What is a Mamadiyang?
Curtains used in Maranao sleeping areas.
What is a Kolambo?
A canopy or mosquito net.
What is a Batalan?
A washing area or roofless back porch.
What is a Palayok?
A clay pot used for cooking.
What is a Tapayan?
A large jar used for storing liquids.
What is a Pasiking?
A traditional woven backpack.
What is a Backstrap Loom?
A traditional loom used to produce blankets and clothing.
What is an Abel Weave?
A very sturdy woven fabric from Ilocos.
What is T’nalak?
A tie-dye weaving process by the T’boli of Cotabato, inspired by the Gmayaw bird.
What are Amulets and Charms used for?
They are believed to ward off evil spirits and provide supernatural powers.
What is a Ling-ling-o?
An ancient amulet design from the Cordillera that signifies fertility.
Why do ethnic groups wear Body Ornaments?
To please the gods.
What is Metalwork in traditional Filipino crafts?
Objects made from brass, bronze, gold, and silver using the cire perdue (lost wax) process, clay molds, and liquefied metal.
What is a Zaguan?
A vestibule used for storage.
What is an Escalera?
A grand staircase.
What is an Entresuelo?
A mezzanine used as an office or servant’s quarters.
What is an Azotea?
An open terrace used for washing and drying clothes.
What is a Caida?
An ante-sala or receiving area from the stairs.
What is a Sala?
A living room.
What is a Comedor?
A dining room.
What is a Cocina?
A kitchen.
What is a Dispensa?
A pantry.
What is a Latrina?
A toilet.
What is a Baño?
A bath.
What is a Quadra?
A horse stable.
What is an Aljibe?
A water cistern.
What is a Balcon?
A balcony.
What is a Patio?
A courtyard.
What is a Volada?
A flying gallery that runs along the periphery, used by servants or alipin sagigilid.
What is Piedra China?
A dirt floor.
What is a Ventanilla?
Small windows under the wooden casement, protected by either wooden balusters or iron grills.
What is a Calado?
A pierced transom between the wall and ceiling.
What are Barandillas?
Wooden balusters.
What is a Media Agua?
A protective shade over windows.
What is a Bandejado?
A tray-like panel used as decorative wall siding.
What is a Machuka?
A Vigan tile.
What is a Vajilera?
A China cabinet or glass cabinet for storing silverware and china.
What is a Kuna?
A baby crib.
What is a Sillon Perezosa?
A lounging chair derived from Chinese reclining chairs, with caned seats, crested backs, and carved or splayed legs.
What is a Sillon?
Also known as Louis Quince, it was part of the transcontinental Rococo Revival movement, featuring a caned oval back (Medallion), caned seat, short arms, and curule legs.
What is a Sillon Fraille?
Also called Silla Frailuna or Friar’s Chair, commonly found in convents, with caned seats that are not deeply arched, rectangular backs, and vasiform legs on stretchers.
What is a Butaka?
A plantation chair with extended flat and long wide armrests that also acted as footstools.
What is a Peresoza?
A lounging chair.
What is a Silya?
A chair that resembles Carolean chairs.
What is a Kapiya?
A settee patterned after a church pew.
What is a Gallinera?
A settee with wooden skirting where chickens could be temporarily stored.
What is a Batibot Chair?
The Philippine counterpart of the bentwood chair.
What is a Pamintuan Chair?
Also called Pamimintana Chair, a high chair placed near doors or windows to get a good view of passers-by.
What is a Mariposa?
A sofa with caned seats and a butterfly-shaped back.
What is a Diban?
A built-in lounge chair and day bed.
What is an Escritoryo?
A desk or writing table with a roll-top.
What is a Mesa Altar?
A combination of a table and Comoda, with 2 or 3 large drawers supported by four legs reinforced by a stretcher.
What is a Comoda?
An upright chest of drawers used for storing table linens and small articles.
What is a Painadora?
A ladies’ dresser with drawers and a mounted mirror.
What is a Tremor?
A more elaborate Painadora, featuring three full-length mirrors with side mirrors that could be adjusted to allow a woman to see herself from three angles.
What is a Lavador Contocador?
A vanity with a provision for a basin for washing one’s face.
What is an Aparador?
A generic name for a cabinet, primarily used for wardrobe storage.
What is an Almario?
A furniture piece for stacking pillows.
What is a Tres de Luna?
A clothes cabinet with three doors, each featuring a mirror.
What is a Platera?
A cupboard for storing plates in the dining room.
What is a Bastonero?
A hat and cane rack.
What is an Ah-tay Bed?
A four-poster bed named after its Chinese maker, who often carved calabasa (squash motifs) into the posts.
Who was Ah-tay?
A Chinese craftsman known for making Ah-tay beds.
What is a Malong?
A Maguindanao tube skirt, usually made in ikat weaving.
What is a T’nalak?
A T’boli tie-dye fabric.
What is a Gadur?
A Maranao ceremonial vessel used for wedding gifts, often with a lid.
What is a Galang?
A traditional brass or bronze vessel.
What is a Lotoan?
A betel nut container.
What are Binabuy?
Ifugao pig sculptures.
What is Ukkil?
A Tausug leaf and vine pattern motif associated with Mindanaoan woodcarving.
What is Okir?
A Maranao leaf and vine pattern motif associated with Mindanaoan woodcarving.
What is a Balkon?
A front porch.
What is a Bulwagan?
A multi-purpose main room.
What is a Silid?
A bedroom.
What is a Rakuh?
A traditional Ivatan house made of stone and mortar, with 1/2 - 1m thick cogon thatch roofs and a big net (panpet) to protect its dwellers from strong winds and rain.
What is a Binuron?
A one-room Isneg abode with a large concave roof resembling an inverted Isneg boat.
What is a Binayon?
A Kalinga octagonal house.
What is a Bale?
An Ifugao house for the affluent, with a pyramidal hipped roof that fully covers the floor of the house.
What is a Tukud?
A post.
What is a Halipan?
A cylindrical rat guard placed on house posts.
What is a Badjao House Boat?
A floating house of the Badjao, with a detachable A-frame roof and a katig (outrigger support) to stabilize the boat.
What is a Bay Sinug?
A traditional Tausug house on stilts, characterized by a pitched roof and Tadjuk Pasung (carved wooden finials at the roof ends).
What is a Tadjuk Pasung?
Carved wooden finials found at the ends of the roof of a Bay Sinug house.
What is a T’boli Long House?
A traditional T’boli house, 50ft x 30ft, built on 6ft stilts, using bamboo, wood, and palm fronds.
What is a Langgal?
A Tausug or Yakan term meaning “to meet”, referring to a small mosque built in rural areas to accommodate a small group of worshippers.
What is a Ranggar?
A Maranao term meaning “to meet”, also referring to a small rural mosque for a small group of worshippers.
What is a Masjid?
A larger, permanent mosque that includes a dome and minarets.
What is a Retablo?
Also known as a “Cabinet of Saints”, a large altarpiece that houses the tabernacle and the image of the town’s patron saint.
What are Relleves?
Carved images in relief showing religious scenes, usually depicting the Via Crucis (Stations of the Cross).
What is a Chalet?
A single-story house slightly raised above ground, constructed in reinforced concrete and wood, with an extended veranda in front.
Who was Juan de los Santos?
The earliest known sculptor in the Philippines. His works can be found at the San Agustin Convent Museum.
What is La Doctrina Christiana en la Lengua Española y Tagala?
The first book printed in the Philippines, published by the Dominicans. It contains a woodcut engraving of St. Dominic by Juan de Veyra.
What are Estampas and Estampitas?
Prints of miraculous images, often featuring portraits of saints and religious scenes.
What is Reduccion?
The Spanish colonial policy of consolidating scattered barangays into compact and larger communities to facilitate religious conversion and cultural change.
What is the Plaza Complex?
A Spanish colonial town planning model, where the fort and church were placed centrally, surrounded by social classes.
What is a Bungalow?
A common 20th-century house form, characterized by its horizontal appearance, wide eaves, and large porches.
What is an Accessoria?
Apartment dwellings, typically one or two stories, with multiple units defined by common party walls and separate doors for each unit.
What are Tribunas?
Screened galleries in churches, with entry from the second floor of the convent.
What is a Belfry?
A bell tower, also called a campanario.
What is Palacio de Gobierno?
Also known as Palacio Real, it was the residence of the highest official of the land.
What is an Ayuntamiento?
The seat of colonial governance in the Philippines.
What is the Real Audiencia?
Also known as the Tribunal, it functioned as the trial court.
What is an Aduana?
A customs house.
What is a Casa de Municipal?
Also called Casa Real, it was a smaller version of the Ayuntamiento, serving as the local government office in provincial towns.
What is a Casa Hacienda?
A building that housed the administration of a hacienda (large estate).
What are Santos?
Religious images used in churches and homes.
What is a Brise Soleil?
Sun breakers that are part of the architectural structure to control sunlight.
What is the Space Age architectural style?
A style that features molded concrete and folded plate technology, inspired by futuristic designs.
What is a Bahay na Tisa?
A traditional Filipino house with roof tiles (Tisa = Tile).
