Romanticism in Classical Forms Flashcards
choral music prestigiousness
less than orchestra and opera, written mostly for ammatrues (maybe talented, but unpaid)
3 main types of 1800s choral music
- short works on secular texts with or w/o accompinament
- oratorios on sacred texts, like opera but not staged and religious
- liturgical works, anthems, hymns, other sacred pieces for church choirs, congregations, or home performance
choral societies 4
- amateur chorusses with members paying for expenses
- popular first for wealthy women (Berlin Singakademie)
- men and orchestra added
- developed unity, occupy leisure time, eleveate taste, encourage spiritual and eithical values, practice democracy
festivals 2
- for singers across region
- forst in 1759, centered on Handel
partsong 5
- choral parrallel to lied or parlor song
- 2+ voices unaccompanied or voices doubled on piano/organ
- schubert’s die nacht
- syllabic
- attuned to poetry
mendellson oratories 5
- rooted on baroque tradition while creating something new
- wide variety of stules and textures
- unifying motives, links between movemnts
- st paul, ab paul’s conversion w/ comments and interpretation for modern audiance
- conducted bachs st matthew passion, began revival of bach’s music
handel and haydn 2
- oratories core of rep for large chorusses
- handel and hayden society founded in boston 1815
hector berlioz’s requiem and te deum
patritic, grande, long, need many musicians for, inspired by fr revol
recetive
in oratorio to move story along
catholic music 3
- clerics and churchboys, women often excluded
- promoted a cappella (came to mean w/o accompaniment, instead of “in the chapel”
- schuberts masses in ab and eb
jewish music
often borrowed protestant melodies to make own hymns
protestant music 3
- building from past
- for services or home devos
- women could perform, oxford movement wanted only men
usa church music 3
- divided by race instead of sect
- white similar yo europe
- black developed own style, used shape notes indicating solmization syllables for easy sightreading and reconception of syllables
lowell Mason 5
- encouraged modest euro style
- president of h+ h society
- helped found bostom academy of music
- introduced music to regular curriculum
- composed over 1000 hymns
chamber music 4
- often as important as symphonies
- often modelled after beet
- string 4tets
- literally for living room, but becomes more concert based and serious
schubbert chamber music 4
- tried to outdo beet
- best is string 5tet (extra cello), treats all insturments as =s
- schuberts lyricisim mixed with beets style, one instrument pitted against 2 pairs, strong contrast b/w movements
- modelled mozart and haydn
robert schumann chambet music 2
- thought 4tets should be like 4-way convo
- built on past composers but didn’t imitate
clara schumann 2
- wrote piano trio in gm that combined baroque, classic, and romantic models, inspired by robert
- songlike themes, polyphony, developement through motive fragmentation
orchestras 2
- mostly men, women often played harp, besides a few all-women orchestras
- players increased from 40 to 90
conductor 3
- orchestras used to be led by harpsicord or violin
- developed from audible beating to silent gestures and conducting phrasing
- started to draw intention to themslves as interpretters of music, against romantic indl ideals
concert programming
changed, more serious and audience expected to sit and be quiet
dead composers music
started gaining popularity, cheaper and easier for ammateurs
themes
seen by many, specidically schubert, as most important element
schubert symphonies
unfinished symphony and great symphony in c minor
berlioz 5
- shaped symphonies around a series of emotions that tell a story
- idee fixe: fixed idea/obsession (aka motif)
- symphony fantastique included autobiographic program to be read silently along to understand what’s represented
- used cyclic form, where one or mnore themes recur or are recollected in later mvments
- leader of reomantic redicalism
mendellson orchestra pieces
symphonies, overtures, conertos (best is violin conerto in em), midsummer night’s dream
