38/39 - Late 20th Century and Early 21 Century

Question 1

canons

Answer 1

standard sets important to a specific style, developed

Question 2

art music 2

Answer 2

• broadening meaning
• jazz and rock music conserved and studied

Question 3

blurring of lines 3

Answer 3

• crossover from one trad’n to another
• commercial pop musicians created for classical ensembles and genres
• classically trained composers absorb pop styles

Question 4

world music

Answer 4

crossing and hybridization between western and non-western trad’ns

Question 5

glocalization

Answer 5

adaptation of global forces or trends to local needs

Question 6

bright sheng

Answer 6

• from shanghai
• seeks to integrate elements of asian and western music
• seasons from 7 tunes heard in china

Question 7

seasons from 7 tunes heard in china 4

Answer 7

• solo cello suite
• tradn of bach cello suite
• style of chinese bowed string instruments
• modernist techniques

Question 8

sampling 2

Answer 8

• patching together chunks of previously recorded music
• helps blur boundaries by piecing together different types of music in new contexts

Question 9

mixed media 2

Answer 9

• pop became more visual
• performance art became more musical

Question 10

niches in pop music

Answer 10

music common to all people diminished bc of overwhelming access to everything

Question 11

minimalism 5

Answer 11

• returns to building blocks of music, simplicity
• reaction to extremes
• looks into the psyche
• expressionist, but no big climax and resolution
• interest in what sounds can do

Question 12

steve reich 3

Answer 12

• developed quasi-canonic procedure, where musicians play same material out of phase with each other
• come out - social commentary
• piano phasing piece

Question 13

post-minimalism 2

Answer 13

• reflects influence of minimalism
• beyond minimalist aesthetic, includes traditional methods, more varied with expressionist techniques

Question 14

philip glass 4

Answer 14

• lots of repetition
• influenced by rhythm organization of indian music
• amplification of rock music
• influences on film music

Question 15

john adams 2

Answer 15

• blends minimalist techniques with other approaches
• short ride in a fast machine

Question 16

short ride in a fast machine by john adams 4

Answer 16

• minimalist through repeated ostinatos
• repeating chords create sense of harmonic progression, but there’s no key
• wide-ranging melodies emerge and dominate texture
• culimates in 3 part counterpoint over rapidly changing harmonies

Question 17

milton babbitt and individualism 2

Answer 17

• developed further ways of serialism
• unaccessible music that not everyone can understand

Question 18

gyorgy ligeti

Answer 18

• changed individualism radically
• etude no 9 vertige

Question 19

etude no 9 vertige by ligeti 3

Answer 19

• simple, familiar ideas
• move quickly, fuse into undulating texture
• novel, modernist, dramatic, expressive

Question 20

spectralism 3

Answer 20

• analyisis of timbre and sound spectra led to spectral music
• focus on perception, acoustics, tone colour
• analyzed mathematically

Question 21

sophia gubaidulina 3

Answer 21

• modernist, evocations of classical tradition
• spiritual resonances
• rejoice, 5th movement of offertorium violin concerto

Question 22

rejoice! by sophia gubaidulina 4

Answer 22

• sonata for violin and cello
• de and reconstructs central idea of bach’s musical offering
• inspired by 18th century devotional texts
• expresses transcendence from ordinary reality to joy

Question 23

r murray schafer 3

Answer 23

• neoclassic to avant garde
• leading canadian composer
• environmental music played outside of concert hall

Question 24

post modernism 4

Answer 24

• abandons notions that musical idioms develop continuously
• no overarching narratives
• anything can be true
• doesn’t think music/society is always improving, so music from past has equal worth

Question 25

alfred schnittk 5

Answer 25

• concerto grosso no 1
• phase shifting
• 18th century with modern, atonal, pop styles
• evokes vivaldi concertos
• defamiliarized through cannons and polytonality

Question 26

arvo part 3

Answer 26

• blocks of sound, draws on minimalism
• tintinnabuli method - counterpoint between pitch-centred diatonic melody, bell-like
• o konig aller volker from 7 magnificant antiphons

Question 27

21 century decentralization 2

Answer 27

• possible for anyone to create, record, produce, and record music
• new patronage of crowdsourcing

Question 28

mashups 2

Answer 28

• elements of 2+ recordings combined (sampling)
• copywrite issues