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Chronicles > Romans of Mid-Republic (Part 2) > Flashcards

Romans of Mid-Republic (Part 2) Flashcards

1
Q

Who dedicated a small temple to Virgo Victoria after celebrating a triumph for his successful conquests in Spain?

A

Cato the Elder

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2
Q

Ironically the smallest of the seven hills of Rome, what hill was the focus of Roman religion by the Tarquins, which is perhaps why the early republicans were so resolute to defend it against the Gauls?

A

Capitoline Hill

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3
Q

Whose power as consul was put into question when he suffered a disaster against the Celtiberians and was sidelined in the peace negotiations for Tiberius Gracchus?

A

Gaius Hostilius Mancinus

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4
Q

Replacing Albinus as commander, who brought discipline and toughness on his troops, banning luxuries within the Roman camps and alarming Jugurtha?

A

Caecilius Metellus Numidicus

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5
Q

Who tried to expel both Glaucia and Saturninus from the senate until his own colleague Metellus Caprarius vetoed him?

A

Caecilius Metellus Numidicus

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6
Q

Faced by a crowd of Tiberius Gracchus’s supporters, what Roman said “I, who have seen Rome’s enemies in their full power in the field, am not going to be cowed by you, stepchildren of Rome”, when he did not condemn the murder of his brother-in-law?

A

Scipio Aemilianus

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7
Q

In a counter to Cato’s iconic “Carthago delenda est”, who instead finished his speeches with “Carthago servanda est”, an ironic twist since a member of his own family would destroy Carthage?

A

Scipio Nasica Corculum

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8
Q

Burned down and rebuilt in 83 BC by a Lutatius Catulus, what temple is dedicated to the best and greatest member of the Capitoline Triad?

A

Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus

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9
Q

Said by Gaius Curio that they must be grounded and humble, it is typically the custom of what office to leave their house open as a refuge for all who need it as their power derives from the people?

A

Tribune

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10
Q

With the promise of more profitable land, who lures the Ligurians out from the west coast of Lusitania into a treacherous Roman ambush which brought him great ire from Cato and other Romans?

A

Sulpicius Galba

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11
Q

Claiming that kings are naturally carnivorous beasts, who refused to meet with Eumenes II when he visited Rome?

A

Cato the Elder

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12
Q

Refusing to swear any oath administered by Saturninus, who was tried for treason and exiled from Rome?

A

Caecilius Metellus Numidicus

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13
Q

What former consul did Gaius Gracchus support for the Tribunate in 122 BC, although he won it himself?

A

Fulvius Flaccus

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14
Q

In 184 BC, the Scipios led a campaign for anyone but what man who eventually did win the censorship alongside Valerius Flaccus?

A

Cato the Elder

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15
Q

Leaving command in the hands of Rutilius Rufus, who was forced back to Rome after Gaius Marius spread rumors of his negligence against Jugurtha?

A

Caecilius Metellus Numidicus

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16
Q

Although it was wholly destroyed by a fire in 52 BC, what law court was the first of its kind and built by Cato the Elder?

A

Basilica Porcia

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17
Q

Who spread rumors that Numidicus was prolonging the war with Jugurtha for personal glory, paving the way for his own consulship and command of Africa in 107 BC?

A

Marius

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18
Q

In an emulation of Furius Camillus, who rebuilt the Temple of Concord after the death of his opponent Gaius Gracchus?

A

Opimius

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19
Q

Flamininus’s dissolution of what confederation of Greek states from Macedonian control did not shake Philip V’s control over Greece leading up to the Second Macedonian War?

A

Achaean League

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20
Q

As evidenced by their name, what Spanish people were influenced by Gallic culture and were ferocious fighters trained in guerilla warfare?

A

Celtiberians

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21
Q

Whose triumph did Sulpicius Galba attempt to block in 168 BC following his victory over the Macedonians at Pydna?

A

Aemilius Paullus

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22
Q

Stone pillars bearing the names Appius Claudius, Publius Licinius, and what tribune pay tribute to that man’s land reforms even after his death?

A

Tiberius Gracchus

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23
Q

Scipio Aemilianus went missing and Cato the Younger losing his sword both occured during the Third Macedonian War in what battle of 168 BC?

A

Pydna

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24
Q

What Greek historian was brought to Rome by Aemilius Paullus to tutor his sons including Scipio Aemilianus?

A

Polybius

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25
Q

What Roman general believed that he was doing a favor for Tiberius Gracchus in destryong the Celtiberians, but in reality repudiated his peace deal and damaged his reputation?

A

Scipio Aemilianus

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26
Q

With Gaius Gracchus instituting a law against issuing citizens to death without a trial, what consul of 132 BC was retroactively forced into exile?

A

Popillius

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27
Q

Following the battle of Cynoscephalae, Philip V was never able to see his plans for revenge come to pass. What son succeeded Philip V and leads Macedonia in the Third Macedonian War?

A

Perseus

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28
Q

His death a “massive loss” to Latin Literature according to Cicero, who employed a slave to sound a flute when he grew too empassioned, a stark contrast from his levelheaded brother Tiberius?

A

Gaius Gracchus

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29
Q

Identify both the speaker and the addressee of the following quote translated from Livy’s Ab Urbe Condita: “Will we forbid women the use of purple? And although you, a man, are allowed to use pruple for the blanket on your bed, will you not allow your wife to have a purple cloak? Even your horse will be more beautifully arrayed than your wife is clothed.”

A

Lucius Valerius Flaccus to Cato the Elder

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30
Q

In 150 BC, Carthage invades what man’s territory unsuccessfully just before his death and lands bequeathed to his sons?

A

Masinissa

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31
Q

Said by Plutarch to be the most affectionate father in Rome, who nevertheless put his own two sons up for adoption including the man who would destroy Carthage once and for all?

A

Aemilius Paullus

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32
Q

Before marrying Sulla after her first husband’s death, Caecilia Metella married what money grubbing consul who celebrated a triumph after campaigning against the Ligurians as consul in 115 BC?

A

Aemilius Scaurus

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33
Q

What Roman general rescued Sulpicius Galba from the rallying Lusitanians?

A

Lucullus

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34
Q

Who accused Lucius Quinctius Flamininus of relations with a catamite and removed him from the senate?

A

Cato the Elder

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35
Q

When Flamininus demanded the Bithynian king Prusias surrender him to Rome, who instead decided to commit suicide in 183 BC?

A

Hannibal

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36
Q

After successfully executing his brother Demetrius on a charge for treason, who succeeded his father Philip V as leader of the Macedonian forces?

A

Perseus

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37
Q

What man, put in charge of impeding the Antiochus III from invading Italy, defeated the Seleucids at Thermopylae in 191 BC?

A

Glabrio

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38
Q

With embassies in Africa and Asia, “the whole world was ruled, almost by” what man’s nod who most famously used his power against Appuleius Saturninus?

A

Aemilius Scaurus

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39
Q

When Antiochus IV asked for time to decide his course of action in Egypt, who drew a circle around the Seleucid king and told him to leave once he had decided?

A

Popillius Laenas

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40
Q

After fighting in Spain, Scipio Aemilianus next goes to Africa to aid what old friend of Scipio Africanus in his feud with Carthage?

A

Masinissa

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41
Q

In 189 BC, Cato ran for censor against what man, his old commander at the battle of Thermopylae, although neither were elected?

A

Glabrio

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42
Q

What town in the Liris valley rebelled against Rome until it was quelled by Lucius Opimius?

A

Fregellae

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43
Q

A temple in the Forum Boarium was erected for what man’s military campaigns in Spain and Sardinia?

A

Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus

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44
Q

Perhaps because of his namesake common-sense wisdom, what man was brought to Rome by Flaccus from Tarentum?

A

Cato the Elder

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45
Q

By simply saying there were no witnesses, who was able to defend himself against Quintus Varius on charges of inciting revolts in Italy, only for the accuser to be indicted on the same charges?

A

Aemilius Scaurus

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46
Q

What consul of 115 BC, whose ego was bruised by the sedentary praetor Publius Decius, forbade flagrant displays of wealth, amended the voting rights of feedmen, and constructed a highway connecting the Viae Postumia and Aurelia?

A

Aemilius Scaurus

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47
Q

Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus constructed a basilica bearing his name at the site of the house of what earlier Roman general?

A

Scipio Africanus

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48
Q

Despite never reaching the the office of quaestor, who won the consulship of 198 BC before setting out for Greece with his brother Lucius to fight Philip in the Second Macedonian War?

A

Titus Quinctius Flamininus

49
Q

On a hill resembling a dog’s head, where did Flamininus defeat Philip V in 197 BC?

A

Cynoscephalae

50
Q

Scipio Aemilianus added a new unofficial agnomen to his name after besieging what Celtiberian stronghold?

A

Numantia

51
Q

Bringing fresh figs after just a 3 day journey from Carthage, who demanded that Carthage’s size and wealth must not be tolerated and must be destroyed?

A

Cato the Elder

52
Q

Military tribune under Claudius Marcellus, governor of Tarentum, and the leader of a Roman colony in Narnia are among the accomplishments of what rather young consul of 198 BC?

A

Titus Quinctius Flamininus

53
Q

Whose literary and philosophical studies in his exile continued in his return to Rome brought about by the tribune Calidus when he befriended the poet Archias?

A

Caecilius Metellus Numidicus

54
Q

In his role as praetor in 180 BC, who so suprised the Spaniards with an equitable peace deal that lasted 25 years rather than the avarice they were used to?

A

Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus

55
Q

When Gaius Gracchus issued a law banning people from holding a subsequent office after they were removed from office, who convinced him to repeal it?

A

Cornelia

56
Q

Too popular for the aedileship, what man became consul in 147 BC to continue the Third Punic War in Africa?

A

Scipio Aemilianus

57
Q

Unlike Sulpicius Galba years earlier, who actually fulfilled his promise to settle Lusitanians on more profitable land even after causing the death of their leader Viriathus?

A

Gnaeus Servilius Caepio

58
Q

Rather than fight in Macedon due to his presence at Pydna, what man instead fights in Spain under Licinius Lucllus where he earned the corona muralis?

A

Scipio Aemilianus

59
Q

At what battle of 168 BC did Aemilius Paullus defeat Perseus in the Third Macedonian War?

A

Pydna

60
Q

Who was told to leave the makeshift circle in sand drawn by Popillius Laenas once he made his decision in Egypt?

A

Antiochus IV

61
Q

When he abandoned his books on financial records in his role as Quaestor under Mancinus, who returned to Spain in a warm welcome from the Celtiberians?

A

Tiberius Gracchus

62
Q

Made reprehensible by Augustus and out of fashion by the late republic, what Roman garment came in different colors and styles depending on the occasion?

A

Toga

63
Q

A cultured philhellene, what Roman occupied Thebes with his words and charm en route to freeing Greece from Philippian control?

A

Titus Quinctius Flamininus

64
Q

Who told her sons that she did not want to be remembered as the daughter of Scipio, but as the mother of Tiberius and Gaius?

A

Cornelia

65
Q

Diophorus of Mytilene and Blossius of Cumae were among the tutors of what Roman who earned the corona muralis in 146 BC at Carthage?

A

Tiberius Gracchus

66
Q

The Tablet of Bembo outlines the legislation of what Roman tribune who garnered the support of the Equites against the senate?

A

Gaius Gracchus

67
Q

Having escaped the massacre of his comrades by Sulpicius Galba, what Lustianian shepherd grew to become a formidable war leader as the “first national hero of Portugal”?

A

Viriathus

68
Q

Corporations benefitted by tax farming and the judgment of conduct of provincial governors were under the power of what Roman class of knights?

A

Equites

69
Q

With what king had Aemilius Scaurus been an advocate of peace before backtracking when Opimius and other Romans were witchhunting Numidian advocates?

A

Jugurtha

70
Q

With Rome’s population nearing 250,000 citizens, who established the frumentatio, allowing the sale of grain at an equitable price?

A

Gaius Gracchus

71
Q

In what Cicero calls a ‘seditious act’, who gave his co-tribune Marcus Octavius an ultimatum in an attempt to pass his popular land reform bill?

A

Tiberius Gracchus

72
Q

Despite the impeccable writing of the Scaevola brothers, what tribune opposed the land reforms of Tiberius Gracchus until he was forcibly removed from office?

A

Marcus Octavius

73
Q

Who attended the Isthmian Games and proclaimed Greece a free country just one year after defeating Philip V at Cynoscephalae?

A

Titus Quinctius Flamininus

74
Q

Although believed to have died in his sleep, Scipio Aemilianus might have been killed by what woman, his wife and sister of Tiberius Gracchus?

A

Sempronia

75
Q

In 140, who replaced his adopted brother as commander against the forces in Spain led by Viriathus?

A

Gnaeus Servilius Caepio

76
Q

What man, who seemingly had an eye for helping the marginalized plebeians by restoring the festival of their games, defended the misogynistic Lex Oppia as consul of 195 BC?

A

Cato the Elder

77
Q

Who celebrated a forbidden triumph with his Vestal Virgin daughter in his chariot with him for his successful campaign against the Gauls as consul in 143 BC?

A

Appius Claudius Pulcher

78
Q

The Lex Rubria called for a new colony called Junonia at what site which had been destroyed by Scipio Aemilianus a couple decades earlier?

A

Carthage

79
Q

That women must use horses a mile from the city, wear dull & drab clothing, and own less than a pound of gold were all stipulations by what law of 215 BC and supported by Cato 20 years later?

A

Lex Oppia

80
Q

With the death of his co-censor Livius Drusus in 109 BC, what man reluctantly resigned the censorship only after the threat of arrest from the Tribunes?

A

Aemilius Scaurus

81
Q

Despite their differences in opinion about Greek culture and prior family feuds, Cato the Elder served as a mentor for what man who served as a censor himself in 142 BC?

A

Scipio Aemilianus

82
Q

Who compared the list of Antiochus’s troops to a dinner with all pork just before the onset of the Seleucid War in 192 BC?

A

Titus Quinctius Flamininus

83
Q

What man, the son of a consul who died during the Second Punic War, marched his own campaign against the Ligurians as consul in 182 BC and the Macedonians in 168 BC?

A

Aemilius Paullus

84
Q

Who denied ceding all claims in Europe for undisturbed possession of Asia from Flamininus instead opting to fight the Romans in the Seleucid War?

A

Antiochus III

85
Q

Claiming that enfranchisement for more citizens means less power to the people who already have it and that any colony in Carthage is doomed to fail, what tribune opposed all of Gaius Grachus’s proposals?

A

Livius Drusus

86
Q

When two snakes found their way into his children’s room, who ordered for the male snake to be killed, saving his wife and kids at his own expense?

A

Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus

87
Q

The development of the Capitol as the focal point of Rome and the reparation of the Aemilian bridge wre among the greatest accomplishments of what man’s tenure as censor?

A

Scipio Aemilianus

88
Q

Whose body was thrown into the Tiber like a common criminal’s in an act of mob violence set off by the Pontifex Maximus Scipio Nasica?

A

Tiberius Gracchus

89
Q

What quaestor of Scipio Africanus did not share his love for Greek culture and was sent home picking up Ennius along the way?

A

Cato the Elder

90
Q

Who treacherously retook the town of Vaga, forcing his opposing general Numidicus to put the commander of Vaga to death?

A

Jugurtha

91
Q

When the Pontifex Maximus Scipio Nasica pulled his toga over his head, whose fate was sealed along with hundreds of his supporters in an act of mob violence?

A

Tiberius Gracchus

92
Q

First marrying an aristocratic woman from the gens Licinia, who then married the daughter of his freed slave Salonius?

A

Cato the Elder

93
Q

Claiming that he would rather people ask why there were no statues of him than why there is one of him, what staunchly conservative Roman often belittled ‘unworthy’ generals as part of a long feud with the Scipios?

A

Cato the Elder

94
Q

What man, who had once lost the aedileship for making fun of a farmer’s calloused hands, fought against Tiberius Gracchus’s land reforms to try to keep the public land for himself?

A

Scipio Nasica

95
Q

Although his commanding officer Glabrio’s account was much different, who claims that his bravery as military tribune at Thermopylae left Glabrio in amazement?

A

Cato the Elder

96
Q

The enfranchisement of Italian citizens and a new colony on the site of Carthage headline what man’s second tribunate of 122 BC?

A

Gaius Gracchus

97
Q

Even though he was not looking for reelection and supporting Fulvius Flaccus, who was elected tribune for a second time in 122 BC?

A

Gaius Gracchus

98
Q

Living in Velia for three years before moving back to Rome shortly before his death, what man’s lineage ended with him after two sons died young and two more were given away by adoption?

A

Aemilius Paullus

99
Q

Even though he used guerilla tactics to successfully surround and defeat Fabius Servilianus, what Lusitanian commander opted for peace?

A

Viriathus

100
Q

Even though he acted swiftly to prevent further violence, what man received a Senatus Consultum Ultimum before fleeing to the Temple of Diana with Fulvius Flaccus?

A

Gaius Gracchus

101
Q

With Rome’s stock of farmers depleted due to aristocratic greed and the need for cheap soldiers, who proposed granting land from the ager publicus to these dispossessed Romans?

A

Tiberius Gracchus

102
Q

Who delivered a passionate defense of Vettius, a man facing a death sentence due to his support of his older brother?

A

Gaius Gracchus

103
Q

Made Princeps Senatus by the censor Metellus, who used his newfound power to seize control of the cura annonae from Saturninus before issuing a Senatus Consultum Ultimum against him?

A

Aemilius Scaurus

104
Q

Against what foreign king were Scipio Africanus and Flamininus lobbying for control over the Roman army at the turn of the 2nd century BC?

A

Philip V

105
Q

Refusing to negotiate with the son of Fulvius Flaccus, who led the charge against Gaius Gracchus, chasing him past the Pons Sublicius until Gracchus took his own life in a sacred grove?

A

Opimius

106
Q

Despite winning an early engagement against the Lusitanians, who followed up too quickly and was forced to retreat until Lucullus saved him?

A

Sulpicius Galba

107
Q

By paying off the nobility and pleading for innocence on account of his young sons, who was acquitted for his crimes against the Ligurians?

A

Sulpicius Galba

108
Q

When Hostilius Mancinus had been captured by the Spaniards, who demanded that his peace deal was dishonorable and marched against Spain culminating in a siege of Numantia?

A

Scipio Aemilianus

109
Q

When the Celtiberians obliterated the army of Hostilius Mancinus, they only agreed to negotiate with what man whose father had gave them an equitable peace deal years prior?

A

Tiberius Gracchus

110
Q

Allying himself with the Greek general Philopoemen, who crushed the Spartan king Nabis the same year he declared freedom for Greece at the Isthmus of Corinth?

A

Titus Quinctius Flamininus

111
Q

To what Roman general did Viriathus send two envoys to negotiate peace, only for them to return and kill the Lusitanian led on by the promise of a great reward?

A

Gnaeus Servilius Caepio

112
Q

Possibly because his brother was removed from the Senate by Cato the Elder for kissing his wife in front of his daughter, what Roman issued a two-talent fine on Cato the Elder in his only known loss?

A

Flamininus

113
Q

Flamininus declares Greece a free country at the Isthmian games potentially to delay war with what Seleucid king until 192 BC?

A

Antiochus III

114
Q

An ambassador for what king personally walked to the home of Tiberius Gracchus to inform him that his king had bequeathed his kingdom of Pergamum?

A

Atallus III

115
Q

Trying to help whom he calls the “masters fo the world, who do not possess a clod of earth that they can call their own”, who, out of revenge on the senate for upending Spanish peace or more likely genuine goodwill, proposes land reform in 133 BC?

A

Tiberius Gracchus

116
Q

Following the battle at the River Muthul, who turned to guerrilla warfare rather than an outright military defense against Caecilius Metellus Numidicus

A

Jugurtha

117
Q

The battle of Cynoscephalae proved the superiority of the agile Roman legion over what more cumbersome Macedonian formation?

A

Phalanx

118
Q

Held in honor of Poseidon and open to all Greeks, what games saw the renewal of Greek freedom from Philip V in a public declaration by Flamininus in 196 BC?

A

Isthmian

119
Q

Sardi venales became an idiom for “two a penny” as a result of what consul’s penchant for capturing Sardinian slaves in 177 BC?

A

Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus

Chronicles (6 decks)

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