Role of the Father

Question 1

Lewis and Lmab 2007- measures of father involvement

Answer 1

Engagement: direct interaction between father and child
Accessibility: potential availability for interaction
Responsibility: providing resources and care for child’s need

Question 2

Lewis 1986

Answer 2

100 fathers with 1 year old children interviewed comapring to 1980 study. One difference was fathers attending all birth stages and increase in n.o of fathers getting up at night and helping the baby after birth. However fathers still had long hours of work but did help more when mother was wokring.

Question 3

Fathering and child outcomes (flouri 2005)

Answer 3

Flouri studies showed-some positive effects for child later mental health with father involvement- significantly for daughters
Father involvement had positive effects on childs academic achievement e.g. educational attainment by age 20
Father involvement was not related to child aggression with peers and delinquency in sons.

Question 4

effect of absent fathers-Borkowski

Lanz et al

Ellis et al

Answer 4

Borkowski- studied single teenage mothers in deprived areas- found when the teenage absent father maintained some contact it resulted in significantly greater emotional health and a positive impact against psychological distress

Lanz et al- teenagers in non intact families found it harder to talk about anxiety and fears. where the father is absent young persons are more likely to be aggressive and get into fights.

Ellis et al- link between absent fathers and teenage pregnancy

Question 5

Grandparents Tinsley and Parke 1984- direct and indirect influences of grandparents

Answer 5

Indirect influence= parents and child interaction is influenced how the parent was brought up i.e. the grandparent. Can provide emotional and financial support for parents

Direct- depends on face to face contact ofc. Generally provides support not authority. helps the child learn. Becomes part of their social life. Grandparents can help with day care Dench and Ogg found 53% of grandparents help with some kind of day care. IN teenage pregnancy grandfather involvement were the teenage father was absent was seen a positive to the childs development (Radin et al 1991)

However in cases were grandparents have full custody of child results in poor emotinal and physical health (Broad 2007)

Question 6

Grandparents in divorced families

Answer 6

JHONSON 1983 analysing 58 us grandmothers of their child being divorced= Seen grandparents will act as a ‘buffer’ in these stressful situations and step up their contact or maintain high levels of contact with the grandchild.
They can provide stability and support (Dench and Ogg 2002)

Question 7

Conflict within parents- GOTTMAN AND KATZ

Answer 7

56 families interviewed age 3-4. Those with marital distressed parents were stressed themselves and showed negative peer relations and more illness. families assessed at age 8 and as predicted those children displayed more antisocial behaviour

Question 8

Divorce - Hetherington et al 1982-

Answer 8

144, middle class, white, USA families. Half children divorced half not.
children from divorced families showed more emotional distress and behavioural problems.
Follow up after 6 years- those with divorced seemed to ‘grow up faster’ and have more independence.
Mother- daughter relations seemed intact but lots of tension in mother-son relations if not remarried.