issues with attachment theory Flashcards
Cultural issues
limitations
Mother as attachment figure?
Bowlby said it was mothers
More children stay in childcare
working mothers has increased by 800%
more stay at home dads
Childcare and attachment-
Belsky- children in childcare for 20+ hours a week seen to develop insecure attachment patterns
Clark Stewart - better intellectual and social development than those in-home care
Quality not Quantity
Are attachment types stable over time?
Vaughn et al- examined SS-studied children in US living with families in stressful living situations at 12 and 18 months. Found children who changed from secure to insecure, parents had negative changes e.g. loss of partner, or financial crisis. Those who changed from insecure to secure had positive changes e.g. a promotion
BarHeim found after examining SS between 14 and 24 months there was continuity - 64% stayed the same (A,B,C)
Booth-LaForce and Roisman (2014) Did SS and followed up 18 years later AAI found discontinuity/ ‘low levels of stability’ between attachment types.
Are attachment types stable over generation?
Main found evidence using AAI and SS in their children. Autonomous adults would have Secure infants; Dismissing adults would have Avoidant infants; Enmeshed adults would have Ambivalent infants; and Unresolved adults would have Disorganized infants.
Van IJzendoorn also found a link between AAI in adults and SS in their infants- (he said due to parents responsiveness and sensitivity)- high levels of continuity between next generation and previous
Types over generation - Fonagy et al 1994-
100 mothers, 100 fathers given AAI before infant was born.
At 12 months for mother, 18 months for father SS assessed child’s attachment style. Found parents AAI predicted infants SS. of 17 mothers with deprived parenting and low reflective scores 16 had insecure children but 10 mothers who were deprived but ad high reflective scores all 10 had securely attached children. Showing ability to reflect self-function may be a way to change our internal working model.
Types over generation - holocaust study
Sagi-Schwartz et al., 2003-
measured those who were orphaned due to holocaust , their children (now parents), and their grandchildren. compared with 3 generation families who had not suffered.
Grandparents scored high on unresolved in AAI, however the parents only showed a slight increase in unresolved score on AAI. The children no significant differences in attachment security were found.
