implications of attachment on later life

Question 1

Kochanska 2001

Answer 1

infants 9-33 months
Laboratory episodes to elicit fear, anger, or joy
FINDINGS- TYPE A= more fearful
TYPE C = less joyful
TYPE D = angrier
TYPE B= less angry, fearful, and distressed

Question 2

Sroufe et al 2005

Answer 2

Further benefits aged 10 and 15 from secure attachment types at infancy
more socially skilful, more friendships, more open with feelings

Question 3

Adult attachment

Answer 3

George, Kaplan, Main made adult attachment interview- semi structured interview

TYPE B-Autonomous: persons who can recall their own earlier attachment-related experiences objectively and openly, even if these were not favourable

TYPE A-Dismissive: persons who dismiss attachment relationships as of little concern, value or influence

TYPE C-Enmeshed: persons who seem preoccupied with dependency on their own parents and still actively struggle to please them

TYPE D-Unresolved: persons who have experienced a trauma, or the early death of an attachment figure, and have not come to terms with this or worked through the mourning process

In adults this is much more consistent across cultures and most adults tend to be type B
those who have had clinical treatment are unlikely to be autonomous

Question 4

Attachment beyond infancy and internal working models

Answer 4

after infancy attachment becomes more about trust, affection, and approval and the child is thought to have an internal working model of the relationship with mother. (cognitive structures embodying the memories of day to day interactions with the mother).

secure- based off love and affection and would openly communicate about attachment related circumstances.

type A- may have an internal working model of her that means he expects her to not provide support when distressed and may be rejecting. He then may avoid her and will not openly discuss things her- problematic

Type C- internal working model means they do not know what to expect from the mother- leading to inconsistency with their communication with mothers

Question 5

How is attachemnt quality assessed in older children

Answer 5

1. narrative tasks- using a doll family and some props asked to complete attachment related stories
2. SAT- separation anxiety test- children respond to photographs showing separation experiences and is asked to say how the child will feel and act and then how themselves would feel/act. (MAIN ET AL)- securely attached children often recognise the anxiety, insecure often deny this.