role of individuals in unification up to 1861 Flashcards
C- on what date did cavour warn austria of a mazzinian insurrection
february 1853
C- what did cavour do in february 1853
warned austria of a mazzinian insurrection in venetia
C- how many monastries did cavour abolish
152
C- how many benifices did cavour abolish
1,700
C- what 3 roles did cavour take
finance minister
prime minister
foreign minister
C- what 3 countries did cavour create free trade agreements with
britain
france
belgium
C- when was a railway line built to link what 4 places
1854
genoa, milan, turin and the french border
C -which two french bankers invested in piedmont
Rothschild and Laffite
C- by the 1850s what franction of the peninsulas railway did piedmont have
1/3
C- when was the sicilia built
1855
C- where was piedmonts first steamship built and what was it called
port of genoa - sicilia
C- when did piedmont join the crimean war
1854
C- how many members did the national society have by 1857
8,000
C- by when did the national society have 8,000 members
1857
C- what did cavour allow the national society to do
grow in piedmont
V- when victor emmanuel took power how was he viewed
the British saw him as a cautious liberal and the Austrians a cautious conservative
V- how did VEII force piedmonts involvement in the crimea
he threatened to sack cavour
V- who would VEII have replaced cavour with
Thaon De Revel
V- how many piedmontese troops were involved in the crimean war
18,000
V- what did the amount of piedmontese troops in the crimean war mean
that they would be able to talk in the peace treaty
V- how many piedmontese troops died in the crimea
2,000 but only 30 from wounds, the rest from cholera
V- which two countries were greatful to piedmont after the crimean war
france and britain
what was the main point of discussion on the 8th of april
the italian question
when was the italian question the main point of discussion
the 8th of april
V- what did VEII do after the orsini bomb plot
he made piedmont seem the best guarentee against further assasination atempts from italy
V- when was the cry of anguish speach
10th of january 1859
V- who said the cry of anguish speach
victor emmanuel
V- what speach did VEII do to rally the italians
the cry of angush
N- when was an attempt made on Napoleon IIs life
january 1858
V- who made the attempt on NapIIs life
4 italian nationalists including count felice orsini
V- how many were killed and injured due to the orsini bomb plot
8 died and 150 were injured
N- when was the pact of plombiers
july 21st 1858
N- what is said to have happened to Orsinis letter
it was fabricated by napoleon for an excuse to intervene
N- what would france give to piedmont in the war
200,000 troops
N-what would in accordance to the pact of plombiers france gain from the war
Nice and Savoy
N- why was napoloen so important
without the backing of a great power italy would not have been able to stand up against austria
V- what is the connubio
a coalition between ratazzi (the leader of the centre left) and himself
V- how did the connubio effect VEII
it strengthened parliament against the crown
V- what position was rattazzi appointed
president od the chamber of deputies
C- when did cavour become prime minister
november 1852
C- how much money did the state give the church a year before cavours anti-clericalism
5 million lire
C-what year did cavour reform the army and what did he use
1853
la marmora
C- by what percentage did piedmonts trade value increase by
300%
N- why was napoleons involvement with the 1859 war crucial
it was france who won magenta and solferino
N- how many troops did the french provide for the 1859 war NAPIII
200,000
G- what was garibaldis private army known as
the red shirts
C- what was CAVs role in NAPIII suing for peace
he seemed increasingly interested in the central duchies, beyond the terms of the plombieres agreement
C- why did Cavour resign after villafranca
the treaty of villafranca gave lombardy to france and not italy, it reinstated leaders of the central duchies, it ended war, cavour had no say.
N- NAPIII after the treaty of zurich what did napoleon declare
that no force should be used to take the central duchies
N- NAPIII what was the pope and congress pamphlet
a pamphlet that was written on behalf of napoleon suggesting that the pope should loose control of legations
C- CAV when did cavour return as PM
21st january 1860
C- what did CAV retern as PM to do
negotiate treaty of turin with NAPIII, this agreed that nice and savoy would be given to france if napoleon agreed to piedmontese plebecites and annexation of the central duchies
C- how did cavour prove that annexation of the central duchies would be good
a series of plebecites to prove its popularity
C- what did cavour use to drum up nationalist feelings in the duchies
war and propeganda
C- what did Emilia vote for (central duchies plebecites)
426,000 to 1,506 in favour of annexation
G- what medal did garibaldi get for his role in the 1858 war with austria
a Gold medal for valor, highest decoration in piedmont
G- why was garibaldi ‘betrayed’ by ital y and what did he subsequently call cavour
Nice and Savoy were ceded to france, Nice was garibaldis birthplace and was a bitter blow to garibaldi
a low intrigu
G- how many voulenteers did garibaldi gather before setting sail to sicily
1200 the ‘thousand’
G- when did garibaldi set sail for sicily and what did he leave in the name of
he left in the name of ‘Italy and victor emmanuel’ in may 1860
G- what was cavours opinion on garibaldis expedition
he was unsure wether he wanted the south united with the north,
G- when did garibaldi reach marsala in sicily
11th of may
G- why was garibaldi ‘lucky’?
he arrived alongside some british naval ships and so was not attacked
G-how many were ‘the thousand’ once they arrived at palermo
3,000
G- what force was waiting for garibaldi on the borders of the papal states
a force of 9,000 republoicans led by bersanti
C- what was cavours only option to prevent an attack on Rome
to send an army through the papal states
C, V- what did piedmonts army do on the way down
they defeated a papal army at castelfidaro and shot anyone who resisted them as traitors
C, V- when did the piedmontese army reach neapolitan territory
26th October
G- what did garibaldi do as they met at teano
saluted VEII as “the first king of Italy”
G- when were the plebecites in sicily, naples, umbtria and the papal marches
October and November of 1860
