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History- italy > booklet 4 > Flashcards

booklet 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

in late 1860 what did napoleon propose

A

that if umbria and the marches were reterned to papal power and abruzzi added then the french would leave

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2
Q

when was the september convention

A

september 1864

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3
Q

what was agreed at the september convention

A

napoleon would evacuate rome in retern for the italian capiol to turn from turin to florence

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4
Q

how many people died rioting about the september convention

A

23

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5
Q

which prime minister agreed to the september convention

A

minghetti

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6
Q

why did the great powers support austrias power

A

to maintain the balance of power in europe

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7
Q

who did cavour attempt to encourage to start an uprising

A

hugarian revolutionary leaders

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8
Q

how was austrias power weakened 1862

A

the increasing power of prussia, and their free trade treaty with france 1862

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9
Q

when did cavour die

A

june 1861

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10
Q

how did cavour die

A

malaria

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11
Q

what did garibaldi set up to attack rome 1862

A

the society for the emancipication of rome

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12
Q

when did garibaldi set up the society for the emancipication of rome

A

1862

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13
Q

who tried to stab the king

A

prime minister farini

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14
Q

what did mazzini describe the new italy as

A

a “sham”

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15
Q

what percent of the population was the electorate

A

2%

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16
Q

how many members of parliament were there (1861-)

A

443

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17
Q

how many voters voted for MPs

A

150,000

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18
Q

what was the population of italy (1861-)

A

27 million

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19
Q

where was a single criminal legal code adopted

A

everywhere but tuscany

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20
Q

by what time had a civil law code been adopted for all of italy

A

1865

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21
Q

what countries guidence helped the italian army

A

prussias

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22
Q

what fraction of land had the pope lost to the new system

A

2/3rds

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23
Q

due to the churches ignorance of cavour what developed

A

a period of fractious cohabition

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24
Q

who and when was it argued that catholics should be “neither electors or elected”

A

margotti
1858

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25
Q

when was darwins thoery of evolution

A

1859

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26
Q

what was the catholic churches reaction to changing attitudes

A

it issued the syllabus of errors

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27
Q

what was the syllabus of errors

A
  • church would remain in control of the education system culture and science
  • regected ideas of tolerence towards other religeons
  • reasserted temporal power
  • critisized liberalism
  • wouldnt accept progress
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28
Q

what was the response of italy to the “syllabus of errors”

A

increased taxation of the church

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29
Q

when did italy demand the church hand over property

A

1866

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30
Q

when was the dogma of papal infallabilty thought up

A

1869, the vatican council met and agreed to it

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31
Q

what was the dogma of papal infallability

A

it argued that the popes statments were indisputable

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32
Q

when was the dogma of papal infallability proclaimed

A

july 1870

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33
Q

when did the pope declare himself a prisoner of the vatican

A

after the ennexation of rome 1870

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34
Q

who replaced cavour

A

ricasoli

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35
Q

why were the plebicited of 1860 negative

A

people voted against the tryranny of the rulers not FOR piedmontisation

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36
Q

how were the plebecite voting systems corrupt

A

in nice the “no” slips werent even brought to the voting stations

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37
Q

what law made primary education compulsory

A

casati law

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38
Q

why didnt the casati law happen in the south

A

the majority of the population were illiterate

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39
Q

when was an uprising of bourbon agents

A

october 1860

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40
Q

How many decrees was the legal system changed by in and in how much time

A

52 decrees in 2 days

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41
Q

When was the legal system of nap,es changed dramatically

A

February 1861

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42
Q

How many providences did piedmont divide the new kingdom into

A

53

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43
Q

What was the first major drawback of piedmontisation

A

It showed ignorance of regional affairs in Italy

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44
Q

What was the furthest south Cavour ever travelled

A

Tuscany

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45
Q

How was education payed for

A

By attacking the church and raising taxes

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46
Q

How many monasteries were disillusioned after 1861?

A

2,382

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47
Q

Why was the dissolution of monasteries so terrible

A

It meant the removal of many charitable institutions

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48
Q

What was a negative to the jury system adopted in the south

A

The mafia was able to corrupt and intimidate jurors

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49
Q

What was the second drawback to piedmontisation

A

Lack of resources, both financial and human

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50
Q

What did Mack smith say about piedmontisation

A

It ‘“reinforced the impression that one region had vertically conquered the rest”

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51
Q

Why was Lombardy upset by piedmontisation

A

They were promised their own constitution, legal system and local government but it was swept aside

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52
Q

When did Modena vote for annexation by piedmont

A

August 1860

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53
Q

Who led Modena when it was annexed by piedmont

A

Farina

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54
Q

What was Tuscany the exception to

A

Piedmontisation- at least in the short term

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55
Q

Why was Tuscany able to retain customs and legal systems (in the short term)

A

The very powerful baron, baron ricasoli

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56
Q

What were brigands

A

Bandits who had lived in the mountains and forests during the napoleonic wars

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57
Q

What were the brigands seen as

A

Protesters of the south

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58
Q

What did the collapse of bourbon rule lead to

A

A power vacuum

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59
Q

What was the amount of debt, that caused taxes to be increased to pay it off ( in lire)

A

2.5 billion lire

60
Q

Agents of who were stirring up unrest

A

Bourbon ruler king Francis II

61
Q

Why was conscription a terrible idea

A

It took young men away from their farms and families where they were needed on farms

62
Q

When did young men take time the hills to avoid conscription

A

1861

63
Q

how many young men took to the hills to avoid conscription

A

25,000

64
Q

What did many people in the west of Sicily do because of hatred towards victor Emmanuel

A

Join the mafia

65
Q

Who ordered that bourbon soldiers should be shot if found with weapons

A

General cialdini

66
Q

How many of the brigands were convicts

A

1,000

67
Q

What size army did the Piedmontese deploy to deal with the brigands

A

120,000

68
Q

In 1860 how many estimated brigands were there

A

82,000

69
Q

When were there 82,000 brigands troops

A

1862

70
Q

In 1863 how many troops were engaged in peace keeping

A

90,000

71
Q

Name a brigands leader

A

Crocco

72
Q

In what year was there a week long rebellion in Palermo, Sicily

A

1866

73
Q

what education law was never introduced in the south

A

casati law

74
Q

how many brigands were there

A

82,000

75
Q

what had cavours policies of the 1850s caused

A

2,450 million lire defecit

76
Q

by when was there a 2,450 million lire defecit

A

1861

77
Q

what unpopular tax was introuduced in 1865

A

the flour tax

78
Q

ewhen was the flour tax introduced

A

1865

79
Q

by the mid 1860s what fraction of italian bonds were in foreign hands

A

1/3

80
Q

by 1866 what percent of state expenditure did the defecit make up

A

60%

81
Q

what was the grist tax and when was it

A

1868
a tax on the milling of cornwh

82
Q

what did the grist tax lead to

A

250 deaths
1,000 wounded in riots

83
Q

when did the state begin to sell the churches land

A

1867

84
Q

in what amount of years was how many acres of church land sold

A

9 years nearly 9 million acres

85
Q

who bought the land in the north

A

peasent farmers

86
Q

who bought the land in the south

A

middle classes

87
Q

who removed common land in the south

A

latifundia owners

88
Q

what percent of each years produce was used for debt repayment

A

30%

89
Q

what did conservative attitudes in the centre and south of italy mean

A

a distrust of paper money
borrowing was seen as immoral

90
Q

how many people were employed in industry by ___

A

1861
3 million people

91
Q

what percent of industruy workers were women and children

A

80%

92
Q

in what two areas of italy where there no railroads at all

A

sardinia and sicily

93
Q

when did the railroads pass into private hands

A

1865

94
Q

what was created (econ)

A

a dual economy

95
Q

what terms did martin clark come up with

A

real italy and legal italy

96
Q

why would it be hard for piedmont to gain venitia and rome

A

it meant dealing with more than one great power at a time

97
Q

what was formd in december 1861

A

the italian freedom association

98
Q

when was the italian freedom association formed

A

december 1861

99
Q

when was a group of garibaldi followers arrested on the austrian border

A

may 1862

100
Q

who led the group of garibaldi followers who got arrested

A

nullo

101
Q

why did victor emmanuel want a war

A

it would distract the citizens from the situation in the south

102
Q

how much did la marmora offer to pay austria for venitia

A

1,000 million lire

103
Q

where and when did prussian minister bismarck meet with france

A

biarritz 1865

104
Q

when did italy declare war on austria

A

4 days after prussia- 20th june 1866

105
Q

how many troops were there italy VS austria

A

250,000 italians
VS
130,000 austrians

106
Q

how many ironclad ships italy VS austria

A

12 italy
VS
7 austria

107
Q

why did admiral persano lead the italian fleet

A

bribery

108
Q

what did bad organisaytion of the italian army lead to

A

only 25% of the army ever reached the front lines

109
Q

when did italian troops fight at custozza

A

24th june

110
Q

when was persanos fleet destroyed

A

july, at the battle of lissa

111
Q

what did persano loose at lissa

A

the “re d’italia” the pride of the italian navy

112
Q

how many shells did persano shoot and how many hit the mark

A

1,450 shells and not one major hit

113
Q

when did bismarck (prussia) sign an armistice

A

july 26, deserting its italian ally

114
Q

what was the outcome of the third war of independance

A

failure- no heroism acchieved

115
Q

how did italy gain venitia

A

austria gave it to france who gave it to italy

116
Q

what was the result of the venitian plebecites

A

647,246 to 69

117
Q

when was there a great rejoicing in venitia

A

october 1866

118
Q

how was the great debt caused by the war to be paid for

A

nationalising church land 1867
introducing the grist tax 1868

119
Q

when had piedmont defeated papal forces on their way to meet garibaldi

A

at castelfidaro september 1860

120
Q

what made it even less likely for the pope and italy to be able to negotate

A

the syllabus of errors

121
Q

when was it agreed that france would keep its troops in rome

A

the french chamber of deputies and senate march 1861

122
Q

when was garibaldis failed attempt to take rome

A

1862

123
Q

what did the september convention 1864 agree to

A

the pope raising an army of 10,000 troops for protection and france leaving within two years

124
Q

what was a downside of guarding rome for the french

A

it was very expensive

125
Q

how many died in riots about the september convention

A

23

126
Q

which PM was sacked due to the september convention

A

Minghetti

127
Q

when was the government moved to tuscany

A

1865

128
Q

when had the last french troops left rome

A

1866

129
Q

when and why did the french troops retern to rome

A

garibaldi tried to seize rome a second time
reterned in 1867

130
Q

when did the french stay until (after garibaldis second attack)

A

1870

131
Q

when did garibaldi leave caprera

A

1862

132
Q

how many did garibaldi gather for his “party of action”

A

4,000 men

133
Q

when was garibaldi stopped by piedmontese troops

A

29th august

134
Q

where was garibaldi stopped

A

aspromonte

135
Q

where was garibaldi shot in aspromonte

A

the foot

136
Q

what did garibaldi do after florence was proclaimed capital

A

he escaped house arrest on caprera and sailed to the mainland

137
Q

what did garibaldi want his men to do

A

“to capture rome and abolish the pope”

138
Q

why was garibaldi defeated 1867

A

france sent troops back with modern breech-loading rifles

139
Q

when was garibaldi defeated at mentana

A

november 3rd 1867

140
Q

why did france withdraw the roman garrison (not sept conv)

A

to fight prussia

141
Q

what did PM lanza gain

A

a formal agreement with spain, austria and catholic german states to send italian troops into rome

142
Q

who did VEII send to thepope with a proposal

A

Count Gustavo Ponza di San Martino

143
Q

what was the letter sent to the pope

A

a face-saving proposal

144
Q

what was the face saving proposal to the pope

A

the pope would allow the italian army in under the guise of offering protection

145
Q

what did the pope say at his reception of san martino

A

“fine loyalty! you are all a set of vipers, of white sepulchers, and wanting in faith”

History- italy (7 decks)

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