Booklet 2 Flashcards
list 3 examples of mazzinis failures
- ideas were too intellectual
- they failed to reach ordianry people
- liberals thought he was dangerous
list 2 ways that VEII could help unification
- he had the power of piedmont
- he disliked the pope because of his father
what was the name of the anti-clerical laws of 1850s
siccardi laws
what was the coalition called that helped cavour become an MP
the connubio
in 1855 how many monasteries and benifactuaries did cavour close
152 monestries
1,700 benifices
why did cavour betray mazzini to the austrians 1853
to show the Austria that he was trustworthy
what 3 positions did cavour hold in government 1855
prime minister, foreign minister and finance minister
why did cavour hold 3 government positions
to ensure the government remained stable
what other reforms did cavour do to remove opposition
financial department in 1852
foreign office in 1853
minister of war to remove hostility
why was building railways and telegraph links to france so important
it allowed for troops to pass to austria quickly in case of war
what were the motives for Cavour having foreign trade and investment from big powers
- brought materials needed for investment
- big powers were invested and therefore would help.
which two french bankers invested in piedmont
rothschild
laffitte
how much railways did piedmont have by the end of the 1850s
819km
why was austria weakened in the 1850s
zollverien was a germanic allience excluding austria
how could you argue that it was VEII who wanted piedmonts involvement in crimea
he threatened to sack cavour if he didnt involve them
how many piedmontese faught in crimea and how many died
18,000 troops
2000 deaths- cholera
30 deaths from wounds
where was the peace treaty and how did it benefit piedmont
paris
- showed piedmonts growing political status
- italian question was now a diplomatic issue
- britain and france now ‘owed him one’
why was mazzini no longer a serious prospect
he was fatally wounded by republicanisms failure
what did the pope do to all who threatened his temporal power
he excommunicated them
when did the pope retern to rome
1850
what else did the pope do in 1850
he denounced all of his erlier reforms
how many french troops now supported the pope in rome
20,000
when did victor emmanuel come into power
1849
what percent of the lower population of piedmonts parliament represented the population of piedmont
2.25% of those who were literate
how many poitical refugees did piedmont take in in the 1850s
30,000 in Turin and Genoa
who were two notable political refugees who escaped to piedmont
the economist- ferrara
the writor- massari
why was VEII not likely to become nationalist
his wife and mother came from an austrian imperial family
what was mazzinis legacy of the failed roman republic
- worthwile but failed indirect action
- highlighted the weakness of his actions
- didnt damage his short term reputation
when was mazzini exiled in london
1849 to 1851
what did mazzini do during his exile in london
- founded the national italian committee which promoted the italian cause
- set up the society of the friends of italy, attracted widespread support
when was the society of the friends of italy set up
1851
revolutions in sicily
1851-2
- failed to win support
- austrian authority infultrated mazzinian secret organisations
how many were shot in milan, February 1853
50 revolutionaries were shot by austrians
what happened in revolutions in milan, february 1853
- failed uprising, damaged mazzinis reputation
- weakness of mazzinis cause
when were 50 revolutionaries shot by austrians in milan
February 1853
when was the revolution in lunigiana
1853
when was the revolution in massa
1854
when was the revolution in palermo
1856
what happened in palermo, massa and lunigiana
- insurrections that ended in failure, too small, poorly armed
what happened in sapri 1857
- a small ship was siezed in caligary
- may 1857
- pisacare sailed for sapri with a group of supporters
- nepolionic forces and locals wounded him
- he killed himself
when di pisacare sieze a ship to sail for sapri
may 1857
what was the alternative to mazzini based in france what did they want
Latin committee in paris 1851 and they wanted a federal republic
who set up the military committe in genoa
Giacomo Midici
what was set up in Genoa 1852
the military comittee and they aimed for more military strategy
when did garibaldi distance himself from mazzini
1854
who announced (conditional) support for piedmont in 1855
Danial Manin
when did daniel manin announce conditional support for piedmont
1855
when was the national society set up
1857
why was the “national society” a better option to young italy in 1857
- it backed victor emmanuel II
- it had a practical approach
what was one of victor emmanuels first actions as king
he shelled Genoa where radicals were entrenched
when had VEII appointed Massimo Azeglio as PM
by the end of 1849
what did austria and britain view VEII (to begin with)
the british saw him as a cautious liberal and the austrians saw him as a cautious conservative
what did historian Denis Mack Smith say about VEII
“always happiest in either the barracks, the stables or the hunting field”
why didnt VEII like the church
the pope betrayed his father
who introduced the Siccardi laws
siccardi under Azeglio
what did the siccardi laws mean
- seperate law courts for priests were abolished as it challanged the statuto
- the right for criminals to seek sanctuary and protection in churches was abolished
- religeous groups property rights were restricted
- feast days where people couldnt work were reduced
whats a concordat
an agreemet between the church and state
who was imprisoned for ignoring the siccardi laws
Archbishop Fransoni
who voted against the siccardi laws
the conservative right, including Thaon de revel and Balbo
what was Cavour before the connubio
he was Azeglios minister for trade and agriculture
what was the connubio
a coalition
how did the connubio come about
at the turn of 1851-52 cavour made a parliamentarty agreement with Urbano Ratazzi to create a centre allience
what was ratazzi appointed as dispite the kings dislike of him
president of the chamber of deputites
what did the connubo lead to- Azeglio
his government weakening
when and why did azeglios ministry fall
he tried to move on to his next anti-clerical laws. to introdice cibil marrage in 1852
what did cavour do in november 1852
he asked VEII to appoint him as PM (he was made PM)
in 1855 what did cavour decide to do about the church
he decided to attack the welth of the church
