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History- italy > Booklet 2 > Flashcards

Booklet 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

list 3 examples of mazzinis failures

A
  • ideas were too intellectual
  • they failed to reach ordianry people
  • liberals thought he was dangerous
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2
Q

list 2 ways that VEII could help unification

A
  • he had the power of piedmont
  • he disliked the pope because of his father
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3
Q

what was the name of the anti-clerical laws of 1850s

A

siccardi laws

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4
Q

what was the coalition called that helped cavour become an MP

A

the connubio

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5
Q

in 1855 how many monasteries and benifactuaries did cavour close

A

152 monestries
1,700 benifices

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6
Q

why did cavour betray mazzini to the austrians 1853

A

to show the Austria that he was trustworthy

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7
Q

what 3 positions did cavour hold in government 1855

A

prime minister, foreign minister and finance minister

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8
Q

why did cavour hold 3 government positions

A

to ensure the government remained stable

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9
Q

what other reforms did cavour do to remove opposition

A

financial department in 1852
foreign office in 1853
minister of war to remove hostility

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10
Q

why was building railways and telegraph links to france so important

A

it allowed for troops to pass to austria quickly in case of war

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11
Q

what were the motives for Cavour having foreign trade and investment from big powers

A
  • brought materials needed for investment
  • big powers were invested and therefore would help.
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12
Q

which two french bankers invested in piedmont

A

rothschild
laffitte

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13
Q

how much railways did piedmont have by the end of the 1850s

A

819km

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14
Q

why was austria weakened in the 1850s

A

zollverien was a germanic allience excluding austria

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15
Q

how could you argue that it was VEII who wanted piedmonts involvement in crimea

A

he threatened to sack cavour if he didnt involve them

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16
Q

how many piedmontese faught in crimea and how many died

A

18,000 troops
2000 deaths- cholera
30 deaths from wounds

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17
Q

where was the peace treaty and how did it benefit piedmont

A

paris
- showed piedmonts growing political status
- italian question was now a diplomatic issue
- britain and france now ‘owed him one’

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18
Q

why was mazzini no longer a serious prospect

A

he was fatally wounded by republicanisms failure

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19
Q

what did the pope do to all who threatened his temporal power

A

he excommunicated them

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20
Q

when did the pope retern to rome

A

1850

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21
Q

what else did the pope do in 1850

A

he denounced all of his erlier reforms

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22
Q

how many french troops now supported the pope in rome

A

20,000

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23
Q

when did victor emmanuel come into power

A

1849

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24
Q

what percent of the lower population of piedmonts parliament represented the population of piedmont

A

2.25% of those who were literate

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25
Q

how many poitical refugees did piedmont take in in the 1850s

A

30,000 in Turin and Genoa

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26
Q

who were two notable political refugees who escaped to piedmont

A

the economist- ferrara
the writor- massari

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27
Q

why was VEII not likely to become nationalist

A

his wife and mother came from an austrian imperial family

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28
Q

what was mazzinis legacy of the failed roman republic

A
  • worthwile but failed indirect action
  • highlighted the weakness of his actions
  • didnt damage his short term reputation
29
Q

when was mazzini exiled in london

A

1849 to 1851

30
Q

what did mazzini do during his exile in london

A
  • founded the national italian committee which promoted the italian cause
  • set up the society of the friends of italy, attracted widespread support
31
Q

when was the society of the friends of italy set up

A

1851

32
Q

revolutions in sicily
1851-2

A
  • failed to win support
  • austrian authority infultrated mazzinian secret organisations
33
Q

how many were shot in milan, February 1853

A

50 revolutionaries were shot by austrians

33
Q

what happened in revolutions in milan, february 1853

A
  • failed uprising, damaged mazzinis reputation
  • weakness of mazzinis cause
34
Q

when were 50 revolutionaries shot by austrians in milan

A

February 1853

35
Q

when was the revolution in lunigiana

A

1853

36
Q

when was the revolution in massa

A

1854

37
Q

when was the revolution in palermo

A

1856

38
Q

what happened in palermo, massa and lunigiana

A
  • insurrections that ended in failure, too small, poorly armed
39
Q

what happened in sapri 1857

A
  • a small ship was siezed in caligary
  • may 1857
  • pisacare sailed for sapri with a group of supporters
  • nepolionic forces and locals wounded him
  • he killed himself
40
Q

when di pisacare sieze a ship to sail for sapri

A

may 1857

41
Q

what was the alternative to mazzini based in france what did they want

A

Latin committee in paris 1851 and they wanted a federal republic

42
Q

who set up the military committe in genoa

A

Giacomo Midici

43
Q

what was set up in Genoa 1852

A

the military comittee and they aimed for more military strategy

44
Q

when did garibaldi distance himself from mazzini

A

1854

45
Q

who announced (conditional) support for piedmont in 1855

A

Danial Manin

46
Q

when did daniel manin announce conditional support for piedmont

A

1855

47
Q

when was the national society set up

A

1857

48
Q

why was the “national society” a better option to young italy in 1857

A
  • it backed victor emmanuel II
  • it had a practical approach
49
Q

what was one of victor emmanuels first actions as king

A

he shelled Genoa where radicals were entrenched

50
Q

when had VEII appointed Massimo Azeglio as PM

A

by the end of 1849

51
Q

what did austria and britain view VEII (to begin with)

A

the british saw him as a cautious liberal and the austrians saw him as a cautious conservative

52
Q

what did historian Denis Mack Smith say about VEII

A

“always happiest in either the barracks, the stables or the hunting field”

53
Q

why didnt VEII like the church

A

the pope betrayed his father

54
Q

who introduced the Siccardi laws

A

siccardi under Azeglio

55
Q

what did the siccardi laws mean

A
  • seperate law courts for priests were abolished as it challanged the statuto
  • the right for criminals to seek sanctuary and protection in churches was abolished
  • religeous groups property rights were restricted
  • feast days where people couldnt work were reduced
56
Q

whats a concordat

A

an agreemet between the church and state

57
Q

who was imprisoned for ignoring the siccardi laws

A

Archbishop Fransoni

58
Q

who voted against the siccardi laws

A

the conservative right, including Thaon de revel and Balbo

59
Q

what was Cavour before the connubio

A

he was Azeglios minister for trade and agriculture

60
Q

what was the connubio

A

a coalition

61
Q

how did the connubio come about

A

at the turn of 1851-52 cavour made a parliamentarty agreement with Urbano Ratazzi to create a centre allience

62
Q

what was ratazzi appointed as dispite the kings dislike of him

A

president of the chamber of deputites

63
Q

what did the connubo lead to- Azeglio

A

his government weakening

64
Q

when and why did azeglios ministry fall

A

he tried to move on to his next anti-clerical laws. to introdice cibil marrage in 1852

65
Q

what did cavour do in november 1852

A

he asked VEII to appoint him as PM (he was made PM)

66
Q

in 1855 what did cavour decide to do about the church

A

he decided to attack the welth of the church

67
Q
A

History- italy (7 decks)

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