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Roger Flashcards

1
Q

● Rogers was more concerned with helping people than with discovering why they behaved they way they did
● he did not feel comfortable with the notion of a theory; his preference was to be a helper of people rather than being a constructor of theories

A

Person-centered theory

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2
Q

his theory was previously called _______

A

nondirective approach

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3
Q

Rogers’ theory follows an _______ framework
➔ example: if the therapist is congruent and
communicated unconditional positive regard and accurate empathy to the client, then therapeutic change will occur

A

if-then

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4
Q

● the tendency for all matter (both organic and inorganic) to evolve from simpler to more complex forms
● examples: vapor can eventually turn into a snowflake; cells develop into complex organisms

A

Formative Tendency

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5
Q

● the tendency within all humans to move toward completion or fulfillment of potentials
● this tendency is the only motive that people possess

A

Actualizing Tendency

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6
Q

What are the two subcategories of actualizing tendency?

A

maintenance and enhancement

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7
Q

similar to the basic needs in the lower steps of Maslow’s hierarchy; also includes the tendency to resist change and to seek the status quo

A

maintenance

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8
Q

the need to become more, to develop, and to achieve growth; can be seen in people’s willingness to learn things that are not immediately rewarding

A

enhancement

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9
Q

What are three necessary and sufficient conditions to become a fully self-actualizing person?

A

1) congruence
2) unconditional positive regard
3) empathy

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10
Q

infants begin to develop a vague sense of self when a portion of their experience becomes personalized and differentiated in awareness as “I” or “me” experiences
➔ they begin to evaluate experiences as positive or negative by using the actualizing tendency as a criterion

A

The self and self-actualization

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11
Q

the organismic self’s tendency to move toward fulfillment

A

Actualization tendency

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12
Q

refers to the whole person–conscious and unconscious, physiological and cognitive

A

organismic self

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13
Q

subset of the actualization tendency;the perceived self’s tendency to reach fulfillment

A

Self- actualization

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14
Q

What are two self subsystems?

A

the self-concept and the ideal self

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15
Q

● all aspects of one’s being and experiences that an individual is consciously aware of self-view
● different from the organismic self

A

Self Concept

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16
Q

● one’s view of self as one wishes to be
● contains all attributes that a person aspires
to possess

A

The ideal self

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17
Q

having a wide gap or discrepancy between the ideal self and the self-concept

A

incongruence

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18
Q

• the symbolic representation (not necessarily in verbal symbols) of some portion of our experiences
• synonymous with consciousness and symbolization

A

awareness

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19
Q

What are the three level of awareness?

A

1) Ignored or denied experiences

2) Accurately symbolized experiences

3) Distorted experiences

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20
Q

● events that are experienced below the threshold of awareness

A

Ignored or denied experiences

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21
Q

● experiences that are non threatening and consistent with the existing self-concept
● freely admitted into the self-structure

A

Accurately symbolized experiences

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22
Q

● when experiences are not consistent with our view of self, we reshape the experience so it can be assimilated/incorporated into our existing self-concept

A

Distorted experiences

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23
Q

● the first minimum experience necessary to become a person is to make contact with another person

A

Becoming a person

24
Q

● being loved, liked, or accepted by another person; prerequisite for positive self-regard

A

positive regard

25
Q

● the experience of prizing or valuing one’s self

A

positive self-regard

26
Q

● is initially dependent on the positive regard we receive from others, but once established, it is autonomous and self-perpetuating

A

positive self-regard

27
Q

What are the barriers to psychological health?

A

Conditions of worth
Incongruence
Defensiveness
Disorganization

28
Q

• perception that other people only love and accept you if you meet those people’s expectations and approval
● we see that our _______ if we perceive that some of our behaviors are approved and some disapproved
● may lead to incongruence; when we ignore our own perceptions/experiences and start believing appraisals of others, we become estranged from our real or organismic self

A

Conditions of worth

29
Q

● our perception of other people’s view of us

A

external evaluations

30
Q

● the perception of discrepancies between organismic self, self-concept, and ideal self
● happens when we do not accurately symbolize organismic experiences into awareness because they appear to be inconsistent with our self-concept
● the source of psychological disorders

A

Incongruence

31
Q

● exists when we are unaware
of the incongruence within our self

A

vulnerability

32
Q

● experienced as we gain awareness of the incongruence

A

anxiety and threat

33
Q

➔ state of uneasiness or tension
whose cause is unknown

A

anxiety

34
Q

➔ awareness that our self is no
longer whole or congruent

A

threat

35
Q

➔ these two feelings can represent steps
toward psychological health because they signal us that our organismic experience is inconsistent with our self-concept

A

Anxiety and threat

36
Q

• the protection of the self-concept against anxiety and threat
• done to keep our perception of our organismic experiences consistent with our self-concept

A

Defensiveness

37
Q

What are the two chief defenses the two chief defenses?

A

distortion and denial

38
Q

➔ misinterpreting an experience in order to fit it into some aspect of our self-concept; we perceive it in our awareness, but we fail to understand its true meaning

A

distortion

39
Q

➔ refusing to perceive an experience in awareness, or at least we keep some aspect of it from reaching symbolization

A

denial

40
Q

● happens when defenses fail to function
● behavior becomes disorganized when the
incongruence in a person is either too obvious or occurs too suddenly to be denied or distorted

A

Disorganization

41
Q

● this is Roger’s way of labeling psychologically unhealthy people, as he did not like using terms such as “neurotic” and “psychotic”

A

Disorganization

42
Q

● in order for therapeutic growth to take place, the following conditions are necessary and sufficient

A

Condition

43
Q

Types of conditions.

A

1) Counselor Congruence

2) Unconditional Positive Regard

3) Empathic Listening

44
Q

● a _____, who is a complete human being with feelings of joy, anger, frustration, confusion, and so on
● a _______ who is not passive, not aloof, and not static
● they wear no mask, do not attempt to fake a pleasant facade, and avoid any pretense of friendliness or affection when these emotions are not truly felt

A

Counselor Congruence

45
Q

● when therapists have a warm, positive, and accepting attitude toward what is the client
● accepting another person without any conditions or qualifications
● the therapist accept and prize their clients without any restrictions or reservations and without regard to the clients’ behavior

A

Unconditional Positive Regard

46
Q

● when therapists accurately sense the feelings of their clients and are able to communicate these perceptions so that clients know that another person has entered their world of feelings without prejudice, projection, or evaluation
● does not involve interpreting clients’ meanings or uncovering their unconscious feelings
● the therapist sees things from the client’s point of view and the client feels safe and unthreatened

A

Empathic Listening

47
Q

● parallel to Maslow’s self-actualizing person

A

The person of tomorrow

48
Q

Give the 7 persons of tomorrow

A

1) More adaptable

2) Open to their experiences

3) Live fully in the moment

4) Harmonious relations with others

5) More integrated

6) Basic trust of human nature

7) Greater richness in life

49
Q

● they are more likely to survive
● they would not merely adjust to a static
environment but would realize that conformity to a fixed situation have little long-term survival value

A

More adaptable

50
Q

● accurately symbolizing one’s experiences rather than denying or distorting them

A

Open to their experiences

51
Q

● not depending on others for guidance because they trust that their own experiences are the best criteria for making choices

A

Trust in their organismic selves

52
Q

● they see each experience with a new freshness and appreciate it fully in the present moment

A

Live fully in the moment

53
Q

● the tendency to live in the moment

A

existential living

54
Q

● they feel no need to be liked/loved by everyone because they know that they are unconditionally accepted by someone

A

Harmonious relations with others

55
Q

● more whole
● being able to bridge the gap between their
real self and ideal self
● can openly express whatever feelings they
are experiencing

A

More integrated

56
Q

● they would not harm others merely for personal gain
● they would care for others and be ready to help when needed

A

Basic trust of human nature

57
Q

● they would not distort internal stimuli nor buffer their emotions
● they would feel more deeply than others

A

Greater richness in life

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