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McCrae & Costa ll Flashcards

1
Q

they began with no preconceived bias concerning the number or name of traits or types. (specific to general)

A

Inductive Method

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2
Q

they have preconceived hypotheses in mind before they begin to collect data. (general to specific)

A

Deductive Method

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3
Q

Cattell used 3 different media of observation.

A
  1. L. Data Life Record
  2. Q DataSelf-reports
  3. T DataObjective Test
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4
Q

begins by making specific observations (quantified)

A

Factor Analysis

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5
Q

BASIC OF FACTOR ANALYSIS

A

Correlation Coefficient
Factor Analysis
Factor M
Factor
Factors Loadings

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6
Q

mathematical procedure for reducing a large number of scores to a few more general variables or factors

A

Correlation Coefficient

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7
Q

account for a large number of variables with a smaller number more basic dimensions called Traits

A

Factor Analysis

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8
Q

mathematical ability

A

Factor M

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9
Q

units of personality derived through factor analysis

A

Factors

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10
Q

The amount of correlation that a score contributes to a given factor. Correlations of the original. It gives us an indication of the purity of the various factors and enables us to interpret their meanings..

A

Factors Loadings

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11
Q

are scaled from zero to large amount. (e.g. Height, weight, and intellectual ability)

A

Unipolar Traits

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12
Q

extend from one pole to an opposite pole, with zero representing a midpoint. (e.g. Introversion vs. extraversion, liberalism vs. conservatism, & social ascendancy vs. timidity)

A

Bipolar Traits

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13
Q

a method of rotating the axes in factor analysis that assumes the independence of primary factors. Advocates of the Five Factor Theory

A

Orthogonal Rotation

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14
Q

a method of rotating the axes in factor analysis that assumes some inter-correlation among primary factors. Assumes some positive or negative correlation and refers to an angle of less than or more than 90deg. Advocated by Cattell.

A

Oblique Method

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15
Q

UNITS OF FIVE-FACTOR THEORY

___________ is predicted by an understanding of: 3 Central or Core Components:

A

Behavior

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16
Q

3 Central or Core Components:

A

1.1 Basic Tendencies

1.2 Characteristic Adaptations

1.3 Self-Concept

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17
Q

3 Peripheral Ones

A

2.1 Biological Bases

2.2 Objective Biography

2.3 External Influences.

18
Q

are represented by rectangles, whereas the peripheral components are represented by ellipses.

A

Core or Central Components of Personality

19
Q

represents the arrows and indicates the direction of causal influence.

A

Dynamic Process

20
Q

are the sole cause of basic tendencies (personality traits).

A

Biological Bases

21
Q

are one of the central components of personality, along with characteristic adaptations, self-concept, biological bases, objective biography, and external influences.

A

Basic Tendencies

22
Q

•may be inherited, imprinted by early experience or modified by disease or psychological intervention, but at any given period in an individual’s life, they define the individual’s potential and direction.

•”How quickly we learn”

A

Basic tendencies

23
Q

• Stable and enduring
• Characteristic responses are shaped and molded by it.
• It’s essence is their basis in biology and their stability over time and situation

A

Basic tendencies

24
Q

•acquired personality structures that develop as people adapt to their environment.

•”What we learn”

A

Characteristic Adaptations

25
Q

• Can be influenced by external influences, such as acquired skills, habits, attitudes, and relationships that results from the interaction of individuals with their environment.

•Fluctuate, making them subject to change over a person’s lifetime.

•Disposition and tendencies are the direct influence .

A

Characteristic Adaptations

26
Q

• consists of knowledge, views, and evaluations of the self. ranging from miscellaneous facts of personal history to the identity that gives a sense of purpose and coherence to life.

•Is actually a characteristic adaptation, but it gets its own box because it is an important adaptation.

•Personal myths

A

Self-Concept

27
Q

the five-factor theory rests on a single causal influence on personality traits, namely biology.

A

Biological Bases

28
Q

Everything the person does, thinks, or feels across the whole lifespan.

A

Objective Biography

29
Q

Emphasizes what has happened in peoples life (__________) rather than their view or perceptions of their experiences (__________).

A

objective & subjective

30
Q

McCrae and Costa focus on the ____________ the events and experiences one has had over one’s lifetime

A

objective experiences

31
Q

Alfred Adler (style of life) or Dan McAdams (personal narrative) focus on the __________ of one’s life-story.

A

subjective interpretations

32
Q

____________ people constantly find themselves in a particular physical or social

The question of how we respond to the opportunities and demands of the context is what ________ is all about.

A

External Influences & external factor

33
Q

McCrae and Costa assumes that _________ is a function of the interaction between characteristic adaptation and external influences

A

Behavior

34
Q

4 Postulates of Basic Tendencies:

A

Individuality Postulate
Origin Postulate
Development Postulate
Structure Postulate

35
Q

Stipulates that adults have a unique set of traits and that each person exhibits a unique combination of traits patterns.

A

Individuality Postulate

36
Q

Takes a clear if somewhat controversial stances: All personality traits are the result solely of endogenous (internal) forces, such as genetics, hormones, and brain structures

A

Origin Postulate

37
Q

demonstrated by what geneticists refers to as heritability coefficients and comes out of the research on adoption studies and twin studies.

A

Genetic influence

38
Q

the question of what is the difference in the correlation on a given personality trait between individuals who are genetically identical and who share only about 50% of their genes.

A

Heritability addresses

39
Q

Assumes that traits develop and change through childhood, but in adolescence their development slows, and by early to mid-adulthood (roughly age 30), change in personality nearly stops altogether.

A

Development Postulate

40
Q

States that traits are organized hierarchically from narrow and specific to broad and general

A

Structure Postulate

41
Q

Postulates for Characteristic Adaptations:

A

•over time, people adapt to their environment “by acquiring patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are consistent with their personality traits and earlier adaptions.

•second characteristic adaptation postulate Maladjustment suggests that our responses are not always consistent with personal goals or cultural values.

•basic traits may “change over time in response to biological maturation, changes in the environment, changes in the environment, or deliberate interventions

42
Q

one that recognizes that although basic tendencies may be rather stable over the lifetime, characteristic adaptations are not.

A

Plasticity Postulate

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