Rocks And Minerals

Question 1

Rocks

Answer 1

Naturally occuring aggregate of minerals. Building blocks of lithosphere!

Question 2

Rock Types

Answer 2

Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic

Question 3

Igneous

Answer 3

From “ignis” or fire. Formed by volcanic activity.
Examples, basalt or obsidian, granite or gabbro.
Classified into extrusive and intrusive.

Question 4

Extrusive Igneous

Answer 4

Solidifies at Earth’s surface.

Lava is extrusive.

Question 5

Intrusive Igneous

Answer 5

Solidifies before it breaks the surface.

Magma is intrusive.

Question 6

Sedimentary

Answer 6

Lithification= sediments to sedimentary rock.
Sediments are uplift and weathering of rocks, transported and deposited elsewhere.
Classified into clastic and chemical.
Ex. Sandstone or conglomerate, halite or limestone.

Question 7

Clastic Sedimentary

Answer 7

Formed by accumulation, compaction and cementation of particles from weathering. Particles are different shapes and sizes.

Question 8

Chemical Sedimentary

Answer 8

Contains materials formed by chemical precipitation of minerals as a direct result of physical processes, or indirect result of life processes of water-dwelling animals.

Question 9

Metamorphic Rocks

Answer 9

Came from pre-existing rocks that undergo changes in mineralogy, texture, and chemical composition. Pressure forces spaces between mineral grains to close, producing higher density, mor compact rock. At greater depth, may recrystallize and form into new mineral contained in rock.
Classified into foliated and non-foliated.
Ex. Gneiss or slate, quartzite or marble.

Question 10

Foliated Metamorphic

Answer 10

Exhibits parallel alignment of minerals

Question 11

Non-foliated Metamorphic

Answer 11

Produced when there is very little deformation and when parent rock has equidimensional crystals.

Question 12

Mineralogy

Answer 12

Study of chemistry, crystal structure, and physical properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts.

Question 13

Minerals

Answer 13

Building blocks of rocks! INORGANIC.
Naturally occuring chemical compounds
Homogenously solid
Each mineral has definite chemical composition
Each mineral has regular crystalling structure.

Question 14

Properties of Minerals

Answer 14

Color, caused by reflection of visible light. Unreliable because impurities affect it.
Streak, color of powdered mineral and less variable than body color, often used in identification. Rubbing mineral on unglaze porcelain.
Crystal structure, individual orderly geometrical spatial arrangement of atoms.
Cleavage, tendency to split along weak points.
Luster, metallic or non-metallic shine
Specific gravity, relative density. May differ in different colors.
Hardness, if it can scratch or be scratched by another mineral.

Question 15

Limestone use!

Answer 15

Cement, chalk

Question 16

Petrology

Answer 16

Geology branch studying origin, composition, distribution and structure of rocks.