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History US > Roaring Twenties --> WWII > Flashcards

Roaring Twenties --> WWII Flashcards

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1
Q

Roaring 20s

A

1920s=dawn of new era? Breaking barriers. architecture=skyscrapers. Broadway, madison ave, wall street, park + 5th–billionaires

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2
Q

Prohibition (18th Amendment)

A

(18th Amendment)–1/29/1919 ratified—18th Amendment— no manufacturing, transport, sale of liquor

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3
Q

Radio

A

KDKA–night radio station transmitting election result
radio=instant communication
(Fireside Chats)

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4
Q

Prohibition (18th Amendment)

A

(18th Amendment)–1/29/1919 ratified—18th Amendment— no manufacturing, transport, sale of liquor

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5
Q

Emergency Bank Act

A

reopened good banks and delayed the opening of struggling

banks.

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6
Q

FDIC

A

1933–Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) was created and guaranteed a customer
$5,000.00 in the bank, even if banks closed. People were afraid to put their money back in banks because,
when the banks crashed, many lost everything. The New Deal created FDIC to guarantee people would get their
money back, to a certain amount, if their bank failed. Today, this amount is $250,000.00.

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7
Q

Buying on Margin

A

buying w borrowed money

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8
Q

Stock Market Crash (Causes)

A

Bc of no confidence a bunch of people tried to withdraw and since small bit is currency and everything else is invested the banks couldn’t keep up

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9
Q

Hawley-Smoot Tariff

A

U.S. legislation (June 17, 1930) that raised import duties to protect American businesses and farmers, adding considerable strain to the international economic climate of the Great Depression

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10
Q

Black Tuesday

A

stock market crash 10/29/1929

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11
Q

Bank Failures

A 
Majority--use banks for deposits, checks
Information
Bank invests money 
Only small bit is currency
Bc of no confidence a bunch of people tried to withdraw and since small bit is currency and everything else is invested the banks couldn’t keep up 
By 3/3 barely any  banks open
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12
Q

Bank Holiday

A

FDR then froze banks
Then legislation confirming proclamation and broadening powers to make it possible bc of time to extend holiday and gradually lift
it also allowed a rehab program of banks

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13
Q

Hoovervilles

A

a shantytown built by unemployed and destitute people during the Depression of the early 1930s.

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14
Q

Dust Bowl

A

the Dust Bowl was a period of severe drought and dust storms that damaged farms and towns across the Midwest and Central Plains.

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15
Q

New Deal

A

A group of government programs and policies established under President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1930s; the New Deal was designed to improve conditions for persons suffering in the Great Depression.

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16
Q

Social Security

A

The Social Security Act was signed into law by President Roosevelt on August 14, 1935. In addition to several provisions for general welfare, the new Act created a social insurance program designed to pay retired workers age 65 or older a continuing income after retirement.

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17
Q

Relief, Reform, Recovery

A
  1. Relief - Immediate action taken to halt the economies deterioration.
  2. Recovery - Temporary programs to restart the flow of consumer demand.
  3. Reform - Permanent programs to avoid another depression and insure citizens against economic disasters.
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18
Q

“Alphabet Soup” Agencies

A

“FDR’s Three R’s - Relief, Recovery and Reform - required either immediate, temporary or permanent actions and reforms and were collectively known as FDR’s New Deal. The many Relief, Recovery and Reform programs were initiated by a series of laws that were passed between 1933 and 1938. The initiatives were called “Alphabet Soup Agencies” as they were referred to by their acronyms.”

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19
Q

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

A

enforced rules as a referee for the stock market. Entities like these prevented people with “inside” information from manipulating the market, known as “insider trading.”

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20
Q

The 21st Amendment

A

ended

Prohibition and allowed the taxing of alcohol.

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21
Q

The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

A

planned to lower production and pay farmers to not plant
crops. FDR ordered the slaughter of pigs to prevent their consumption. He wanted to destroy food surpluses.
Many protested; this was destroying food in the midst of a depression. Yet, FDR asserted that, as long as supply
was too great, farmers could not reap profits. A low supply would make farming profitable again.

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22
Q

Fireside Chats

A

one of a series of radio broadcasts made by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt to the nation, beginning in 1933.

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23
Q

Appeasement

A

chamberlain from britain promised hitler part of Czechoslovakia in exchange for Hitler not invading rest of world
then Hitler invades Poland, starting WWII

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24
Q

Isolationism

A

US trying to stay out of war

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25
Q

Cash and Carry

A

Cash and carry was a policy by US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt at a special session of the United States Congress on September 21, 1939, The revision allowed the sale of materiel to belligerents, as long as the recipients arranged for the transport using their own ships and paid immediately in cash, assuming all risk in transportation.However, the sale of war materials was not allowed.

26
Q

Lend Lease Act

A

authorized the president to transfer arms or any other defense materials for which Congress appropriated money to “the government of any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States.”

27
Q

Pearl Harbor

A

attack on naval fleet in PH Hawaii, by Japan. Cause of US entering civil war

28
Q

Arsenal of Democracy

A

Arsenal of Democracy was a phrase used by President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882–1945) to describe the United States as he tried to arouse popular support for sending military aid to nations fighting against the Axis powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan, among others) during World War II

29
Q

D-Day

A

the day (June 6, 1944) in World War II on which Allied forces invaded northern France by means of beach landings in Normandy.

Omaha Beach

30
Q

Medical Advancements

A

penicillin, blood transfusions

31
Q

WAC*

A

Women’s Auxiliary Corps–women participating in war (not on home front; see the vid we watched)

32
Q

Rosie the Riveter

A

an image of a strong woman hard at work at an arms factory

33
Q

Changes to and from women

A

?

34
Q

Segregation in the Military

A

5 black officers in army, naval only allowed black servers, but then during war, segregated units = 1mil blacks-not combat, though
Truman desegregates

35
Q

Tuskegee Airmen*

A

group of African-American military pilots who fought in World War II.

36
Q

Double V Campaign*

A

African American campaign–fighting for victory/freedom at home (segregation

37
Q

Japanese Internment*

A

Japanese-Americans put into camps out of fear
Executive Order 9066–relocation camps, curfews

More
than 110,000 men, women, and children were rounded up.
They had to sell their homes and possessions and leave their
jobs. These citizens were placed in internment camps, areas
where they were kept under guard. In these camps families
lived in single rooms with little privacy. About two-thirds of
the people sent to live in internment camps were Nisei

Causes:
Pearl Harbor & Japanese Victories ◻ American Anger at Japanese-Americans & Immigrants ◻ Military Concerns: West Coast ⬜ Espionage
⬜ Sabotage → Cultural ties to Japan → No proof of espionage or sabotage.

38
Q

Homefront*

A

?

39
Q

Hiroshima and Nagasaki*

A

During the final stage of World War II, the United States detonated two nuclear weapons over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, respectively

40
Q 
The Civilian
Conservation Corps (CCC)
A

built roads, planted trees to stop soil erosion, and did other jobs. Millions of trees
were planted to help prevent a future dustbowl.

41
Q

belligerents

A

a nation or person engaged in war or conflict, as recognized by international law.

42
Q

Hoover

A

Republican–laissez-faire to GD

43
Q

laissez-faire

A

govt does not interfere w economy

44
Q

TVA

A

providing jobs and electricity to the rural Tennessee River Valley—an area that spans seven states in the South. The Tenessee Valley Authority was envisioned as a federally-owned electric utility and regional economic development agency. It still exists today as the nation’s largest public power provider.

45
Q

WPA

A

(WPA; renamed in 1939 as the Work Projects Administration) was the largest and most ambitious American New Deal agency, employing millions of people (mostly unskilled men) to carry out public works projects, including the construction of public buildings and roads.

46
Q

Axis powers

A

Germany, Italy, and Japan

47
Q

allied powers

A

Great Britain, France the Soviet Union, US, china

48
Q

2nd Great Migration

A

migration of more than 5 million African Americans from the South to the North, Midwest and West.

1.6 million → war plants West
& North.
◻ RACE RELATIONS→ national
issue.
◻ TENSION → 
⬜ Employment ⬜ Housing
⬜ Segregated Facilities
Hate strike-->20 k workers protested about
working w blacks
49
Q

March on Washington

MOVEMENT

A 
DEMAND:
• Equal employment opportunities in
industry
• Equal opportunity in Armed Forces
end to segregation,
national anti-lynching laws
not good enough for equal pay,
good enough to die at war?

THREAT:
1941 “Negro March on Washington”–>Philip Randolph labeled FDR antiDemocratic
march threat scared FDR–>EO8802

50
Q

Executive Order 8802

A

Prohibited racial discrimination in
the defense industry; (not yet gender) Fair Employment Practices Committee

1944>1 min blacks in factories

51
Q

Korematsu v US 1944

A

a landmark United States Supreme Court case concerning the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066, which ordered Japanese Americans into internment camps during World War II regardless of citizenship.

Many
Japanese Americans argued that internment for racial reasons was unconstitutional. The Supreme Court,
however, upheld internment throughout the war. “the need to protect against espionage outweighed the rights of Americans of Japanese descent, such as Korematsu”

52
Q

Epilogue–>Internment

A

1988:
⬜ U.S. government officially apologized
⬜ Approved the payment of reparations 20k to each
camp survivor.
⬜ Army had altered evidence to make it appear that
Japanese Americans posed a greater threat of
spying and disloyalty.
⬜ Evidence of racial intent
◻ 1983: Korematsu’s original conviction overturned
◻ Korematsu v. U.S. (1944) not overturned

53
Q

Women during WWII

A

With so many men fighting overseas, the demand for women workers
rose sharply. In 1940, before the United States get involved in WWII,
about 14 million women worked – about 25% of the nation’s labor
force. By 1945, that number had climbed to more than 19 million –
roughly 30% of the nation’s labor force.
Women worked in munitions factories, shipyards, and offices. Much
of the nation welcomed the growing numbers of women into the
workplace. The country promoted “Rosie the Riveter” – an image of
a strong woman hard at work at an arms factory – as its cherished
symbol for its new group of wage earners.

54
Q

The War Production Board (WPB)

A

Under the guidance of the War Production Board, factories
churned out materials for weapons around the clock. 60% of the Allied
ammunition. The War Production
Board put up posters expressing the
urgency of the war on the factory floor.

55
Q

Rationing

A

Because the armed forces needed so many materials, some of
the items Americans took for granted became scarce. To divide these scarce goods among its citizens, the government established a system
of rationing. Under this system, families received a fixed amount of a certain item.

56
Q

VictoryGardens

A

During World War II there was a campaign to encourage the use of homegrown
foods. Because commercially canned goods were rationed, the Victory Garden
became an indispensable source of food for the home front. The Victory Garden
was a household activity during the war and one of the most well received of all
home front chores.

57
Q

Minorities–>WWII

A
  • new jobs for minorities
  • > 1 mil AA during war defense industry—>migrated to W and North for jobs
  • some has on paper equal rights
  • 46k Was came from reservations
  • also Hispanics/Mexicans Americans. all faced prejudice.
58
Q

Nisei

A

Japanese Americans born in the United States.

59
Q

Manhattan Project

A

The Manhattan Project was the code name for the American-led effort to develop a functional atomic weapon during World War II. The controversial creation and eventual use of the atomic bomb engaged some of the world’s leading scientific minds, as well as the U.S. military—and most of the work was done in Los Alamos, New Mexico, not the borough of New York City for which it was originally named. The Manhattan Project was started in response to fears that German scientists had been working on a weapon using nuclear technology since the 1930s—and that Adolf Hitler was prepared to use it.

significance of the Manhattan Project was that it put an end to WWII by using weapons of mass destruction and forced Japan to surrender.

60
Q

allies preparing for dday

A

They donated blood and got penicillin and got plasma ready

History US (9 decks)

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