Civil Rights/Black Power

Question 1

Civil Rights/

Integration

Answer 1

Legislation, Cooperation

Question 2

Black Power/Nationalism

Answer 2

Psychological

Pressure on
government & more
moderate civil rights
organizations

power of people ourselves
no help from white people

Question 3

Plessy v Ferguson–>

Answer 3

constitutional segregation if equal
that’s de jure
de facto–never really equal

Question 4

jim crow laws

Answer 4

segregation laws only southern states

hayes given election here

Question 5

disenfranchisement (see poll tax, literacy test, grandfather clause)

Answer 5

poll tax+literacy test–>
used to disenfranchise black people
to vote, must pay poll tax and take literacy test
designed to be impassible
grandfather clause–>if father or grandfather could vote
preReconstruction, exempt from literacy test

Question 6

FDR reaction

Answer 6

Executive Order 8802
•
No racial 
discrimination by 
government 
contractors
–
Strikes and 
demonstrations
–
War industry

Question 7

Truman reaction

Answer 7

Committee on Civil 
Rights, 1946
–
Recommendations
•
Truman’s executive 
orders
–
Banned discrimination 
in hiring of federal 
employees
–
Integration of the 
Armed Forces

Question 8

Dixiecrats

Answer 8

any of the Southern Democrats who seceded from the party in 1948 in opposition to its policy of extending civil rights.

"States Rights 
Democratic Party”
•
Strom Thurmond
•
Abandoned Truman 
in the 1948 election 
b/c of civil rights

Question 9

Jackie Robinson

Answer 9

the first black player in the major leagues in 1947,

Question 10

Teaneck

Answer 10

first to voluntarily integrate its public schools!

Question 11

segregation–de jure v de facto

Answer 11

14
th
 Amendment – “equal protection”
•
De jure segregation
–
segregation “by law”
–
common in south
•
De facto segregation
–
segregation “as a matter of fact”
–
common in north & south
–
often achieved by intimidation
–
continues today

Question 12

Thurgood

Marshall

Answer 12

NAACP 
Legal 
Defense 
Fund
–
Thurgood 
Marshall 
(national 
coordinator)
–
lead attorney for NAACP
first POC on supreme court
w/i CR movement, push 
courts to rule against 
segregation

Question 13

Oliver Hill

Answer 13

Oliver White Hill, Sr. was an American civil rights attorney from Richmond, Virginia. His work against racial discrimination helped end the doctrine of “separate but equal.

VA rep NAACP Legal Defense Fund

Question 14

The Doll Test

Answer 14

Black children 
selected the 
white doll as 
“good” and 
“smart” and 
“pretty”

•
Demonstrated 
psychological 
impact of 
segregation

Question 15

Brown v Board of Ed 1954

Answer 15

14
th
Amendment

–
Separate is not
equal

–
Overturned Plessy

–
Ordered nationwide
integration

•
Landmark case

segregation=not equal
ONLY overturns plessy in education

Question 16

Linda Brown

Answer 16

guaranteed education=free and
open access
Linda brown had to travel>3 miles 
to get to black school--white school in
her neighborhood
her school was decent tho so she couldn't
say not equal, cited doll test

Question 17

Slow Pace after brown v board of ed

Answer 17

Brown decision
•
“All deliberate
speed”=as fast as possible=we’ll get around to it

•
Significant 
integration did 
not begin until 
mid/late 1960s

Question 18

Little Rock 9

Answer 18

9 students try to go LR public HS
met by state troops=National Guard
mob holding baby dolls in nooses

Question 19

White Flight

Answer 19

New private & 
religious schools
•
Separate 
neighborhoods – 
suburbia
•
Resegregation

Question 20

NAACP –

Answer 20

National Association for the

Advancement of Colored People

Question 21

•
CORE –
•

Answer 21

Congress of Racial Equality

Question 22

SNCC –

•

Answer 22

Student Nonviolent Coordinating

Committee

Question 23

SCLC –

Answer 23

Southern Christian Leadership

Conference

Question 24

Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1955

Answer 24

The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a civil-rights protest during which African Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama, to protest segregated seating.  first large-scale U.S. demonstration against segregation. 
Beginning of 
civil rights 
movement
•
Economic 
pressure

Question 25

spark bus boycott and results

Answer 25

Four days before the boycott began, Rosa Parks, an African-American woman, was arrested and fined for refusing to yield her bus seat to a white man. The U.S. Supreme Court ultimately ordered Montgomery to integrate its bus system, and one of the leaders of the boycott, a young pastor named Martin Luther King, Jr., emerged as a prominent leader of the American civil rights movement.

Question 26

Sit-In Movement, 1960

Answer 26

African Americans (later joined by white activists), usually students, would go to segregated lunch counters (luncheonettes), sit in all available spaces, request service, and then refuse to leave when denied service because of their race.

Question 27

Freedom Rides, 1961

Answer 27

Freedom Riders were groups of white and African American civil rights activists who participated in Freedom Rides, bus trips through the American South in 1961 to protest segregated bus terminals. Freedom Riders tried to use “whites-only” restrooms and lunch counters at bus stations in Alabama, South Carolina and other Southern states.

met with a lot of violence and anger

Question 28

Birmingham 1963

Answer 28

In the spring of 1963, activists in Birmingham, Alabama launched The Birmingham Campaign. It would be the beginning of a series of lunch counter sit-ins, marches on City Hall and boycotts on downtown merchants to protest segregation laws in the city.

Over the next couple months, the peaceful demonstrations would be met with violent attacks using high-pressure fire hoses and police dogs on men, women and children alike - and the Birmingham bombing at the church

Question 29

Birmingham bombing at the church

Answer 29

kkk–>church bombing that killed four African-American girls during church services in 1963.

Question 30

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 30

Same requirements for
black & white voters

2)
Prohibits discrimination in
public accommodations

3)
Withholding of federal
funds from discriminatory
programs and businesses

4)
Bans discrimination based 
on race, sex, religion and 
national origin by 
employers & unions; 
creates EEOC

Question 31

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Answer 31

Federal officials 
may register 
voters when local 
offices block 
African 
Americans
–
Eliminated 
literacy tests

Question 32

24
th
Amendment, 1964

Answer 32

Eliminated poll

tax

Question 33

Nation of Islam

Answer 33

organization composed chiefly of African Americans, advocating the teachings of Islam and originally favoring the separation of black and white racial groups in the United States: members are known as Black Muslims. British Dictionary definitions for Nation of Islam

Question 34

Malcolm X

Answer 34

Black Nationalism
•
Break with Nation of 
Islam, 1964
–
Kennedy 
assassination 
comments
–
Muhammad’s 
illegitimate children
•
“The Ballot or the 
Bullet

Question 35

march on Washington 1963

Answer 35

The March on Washington was a massive protest march that occurred in August 1963, when some 250,000 people gathered in front of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. Also known as the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, the event aimed to draw attention to continuing challenges and inequalities faced by African Americans a century after emancipation. It was also the occasion of Martin Luther King, Jr.’s now-iconic “I Have A Dream” speech.

Question 36

I have a dream

Answer 36

I Have a Dream” is a public speech delivered by American civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom on August 28, 1963, in which he calls for an end to racism in the United States and called for civil and economic rights. Delivered to over 250,000 civil rights supporters from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., the speech was a defining moment of the civil rights movement.[2]

Question 37

Stokely Carmichael

Answer 37

Stokely Carmichael was a Trinidadian-American civil rights activist known for leading the SNCC and the Black Panther Party in the 1960s

Question 38

“Black Power”

Answer 38

movement in support of rights and political power for black people, especially prominent in the US in the 1960s and 1970s.
speech–carmichael

Question 39

Black Panther Party, 1966

Answer 39

Bobby Seale &
Huey Newton
•
Oakland, CA

Black Panther Party, original name Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, African American revolutionary party, founded in 1966 in Oakland, California, by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale. The party’s original purpose was to patrol African American neighbourhoods to protect residents from acts of police brutality

The Panthers eventually developed into a Marxist revolutionary group that called for the arming of all African Americans, the exemption of African Americans from the draft and from all sanctions of so-called white America, the release of all African Americans from jail, and the payment of compensation to African Americans for centuries of exploitation by white Americans.

Question 40

End of an Era

Answer 40

By 1968, the Civil Rights Movement had 
splintered off in pieces:
•
Black Power
•
Anti-Vietnam War Movement
•
Women’s Movement