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US History 1 - college > Roaring 20's/Great Depression Test > Flashcards

Roaring 20's/Great Depression Test Flashcards

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1
Q

what was the only thing wrong with the USA’s money doubling between 1920 and 1929?

A

the money was not equally distributed

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2
Q

why was there a “cultural civil war” in America

A
  • old conservative, Christian values were questioned (especially religion)
  • it was the start of the “Modern Age”, kicking out the “Victorian Age” ideas about gender roles, religion, and values.
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3
Q

what was the name of the group of African Americans that moved from the South to the North during the Roaring 20’s

A

The Great Migration

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4
Q

why were there immigrant tensions during this time?

A

everything “bad” in society was blamed on the immigrants (Catholics, African Americans)
- alcohol, flappers, crime, and jazz

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5
Q

what was the “red scare”?

A

fear that there was going to be a communist takeover of the US gov.

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6
Q

what was the “noble experiment” led by the Women’s Temperance Union?

A

prohibition
- 18th amendment made manufacturing, buying, or selling alcohol illegal

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7
Q

what act of the prohibition closed all taverns, bars, and saloons?

A

Volstead Act

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8
Q

people who ran illegal alcohol businesses and brought booze in from Canada

A

gangsters

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9
Q

most famous gangster in the time period
- ran Chicago

A

Al Capone

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10
Q

underground alcohol/dance clubs

A

speakeasies

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11
Q

farmers in rural areas who made homemade recipes of whiskey

A

moonshiners

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12
Q

why did prohibition end?

A

alcohol was a huge tax revenue for the local, state, and federal government
- very profitable

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13
Q

society created where everyone bought things with credit (buy now, pay later)
- people acted as if they had money

A

consumer society

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14
Q

19th century women’s roles:

A
  • housework, childcare
  • married women gave up all rights to husband (money, property, etc)
  • couldn’t vote
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15
Q

early leaders of women’s rights reform:

A

1) Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cody Stanton, + Lucricia Mott

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16
Q

convention where women made a statement of grievances modeled after the Dec. of Independence
- demanded equal rights + right to vote

A

Seneca Falls Convention

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17
Q

what were women activists called?

A

suffragettes

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18
Q

“new women”
- new sense of independence, working outside of home, and birth control

A

Sexual Revolution

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19
Q

founder of Planned Parenthood

A

Margaret Sanger

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20
Q

women who wore short skirts, short hair styles, and drank like men

A

flappers

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21
Q

what were cigarettes called for women

A

“freedom torches”

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22
Q

when was the phograph/victrola created

A

1877 but over 100 million records were sold in 1927 alone

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23
Q

new source of communication
- one of the greatest inventions of the time period that unified the nations
- brought news, weather, entertainment, sports, etc into the home

A

the radio

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24
Q

first radio in America
- 1920 in Pittsburg

A

WKDKA

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25
Q

spectator sports (in order of popularity)

A

1) baseball was king - “National Pastime”
- Babe Ruth (“The Babe”) made more money
than the president
2) Boxing - Jack Dempsey (heavyweight champ)
3,4,5) football, tennis, + golf

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26
Q

motion pictures and hollywood

A

by 1929 75% of Americans were going to the theater at least once a week!
- silent films at first, then on to “talkies”, then news reels (commercials, AD’s)

27
Q

first talking film

A

The Jazz Singer

28
Q

famous actresses

A

1) Greta Garbo
2) Mary Pickford

29
Q

famous actors

A

1) Charlie Chaplin
2) Rudolph Valentino
3) Gary Cooper

30
Q

what gave Americans a sense of freedom and independence and the ability to go on vacations?
- also created new industries such as motels, gas stations, road constructions, + resorts

A

the automobile

31
Q

the greatest engineer of the time
- his Model T made autos affordable!
- created the “assembly line” (faster)

A

Henry Ford

32
Q

auto capitol of the world

A

Detroit

33
Q

new musical styles created during the roaring 20’s - Harlem NY city

A

jazz and blues

34
Q

famous jazz composer and trumpeter, respectively

A

George Gershwin and Louis Armstrong

35
Q

most famous jazz club in Harlem

A

Cotton Club

36
Q

dances popular during the Dance Craze

A

the “Charleston”, the “Shimmy” and the “Flea Hop”

37
Q

the “new Negro Movement”
- celebration of African American culture
- began to create their own music, lit, and art

A

the Harlem Renaissance

38
Q

capitol of black America

A

Harlem

39
Q

famous people of the Harlem Ren.

A

1) Lanston Hughes (poet)
2) Duke Ellington
3) Louis Armstrong (musician)

40
Q

why and how was religion questioned during this time?

A
  • it was challenged by Charles Darwin
  • Evolution Theory challenged God and creation
41
Q

what began evolution being taught in public schools; which ultimately led to “Modern Science”

A

the Scopes Monkey Trial

42
Q

violent group of white supremacists
- anti - black, Jewish, Catholic + immigration organization
- peaked in the 1920’s (3-4 mil members)

A

the Ku Klux Klan (“invisible empire”)

43
Q

leader and symbol of the KKK

A

leader - Supreme Grand Wizard
symbol - flaming cross

44
Q

who ushered in the Age of Aviation
- 1st solo transatlantic flight (NYC to Paris)
- known as “Lucky Lindy”
- national hero

A

Charles Lindburgh

45
Q

early African American activists

A

1) Marcus Garvey - “Back to Africa” movement
- controversial; said that it was hopeless to integrate into America and encouraged African Americans to return to their roots
2) W.E.B Du Bois
- co-founder of the NAAPC (National Asso. for the Advancement of Colored People)

46
Q

Marcus Garvey established what organization and religion?

A
  • the Universal Negro Improvement Asso.
  • Rastafarion
47
Q

“lost generation” of writers out of WWI

A

1) Ernest Hemingway - “A Farewell to Arms”, “To Whom the Bell Tolls”
2) F. Scott Fitzgerald - “The Great Gatsby” (exposes that money does not buy happiness)

48
Q

why was the Roaring Twenties not actually real?

A

buying things on credit gave the illusion that everyone was prosperous

49
Q

why was the Roaring Twenties not actually real?

A

buying things on credit gave the illusion that everyone was prosperous.

50
Q

causes of the Great Depression

A

1) unequal distribution of wealth
2) overproduction in industry
3) high tariffs ( USA charged high taxes on trade goods so other countries retaliated and worldwide trade stopped)
4) easy credit - banks were giving too much credit so people were spending money they didn’t have and borrowing money to invest (“buying on the margin”)
5) Stock Market Crash (“Black Tuesday”) - Oct. 9, 1929. a year later, people found out abt the crash and started a “run on the bank” (took all their money out). this led to most banks collapsing. bc they had no insurance, ppl lost their life savings overnight

51
Q

towns that sprang up during the GD, unemployed people

A

Shanty Towns (“Hoovervilles”)

52
Q

who was the president at the beginning of the GD and what did he do to comabat the depression?

A

Herbert Hoover
- did very little to combat the depression (thought it would run its course and be over)

53
Q

the 17,000 soldiers from WWI who were promised a bonus from the gov. for their service
- they wanted their money now so they marched on Washington and demanded it
- violence broke out and Hoover called the Army to bring it down

A

Bonus Army

54
Q

who won the election of 1932?

A

Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR)

55
Q

what did FDR do abt the GD?

A

faced it head on
1) Emergency Bank Act (National Bank Holiday closed the banks for 5 days. meant to stabilize the banks again)
2) started the FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation) that protected people’s money in the banking system.

56
Q

where Roosevelt talked to the people over the radio
- method of communication he used to explain his programs to combat the GD

A

FDR’s Fireside Chats

57
Q

FDR’s group of leading scholars/businessmen
- his Cabinet (advisors)

A

the Brain Trust

58
Q

set of federal economic programs to get US out of the Depression
- centered on the 3 R’s (Relief: temporary help, Recovery: help the economy bounce back, Reform: targeted the causes and ways to prevent it)

A

New Deal

59
Q

major programs under the New Deal

A

1) Public Works Program - gave jobs to people building highways, parks, bridges, schools, dams, etc.
2) Federal Emergency Relief - gave small amounts of money to people until they could get a job
3) Federal assistance to farmers, businesses, and banks
4) Social Security - set aside money from people’s paychecks for retirement

60
Q

did the programs under the New Deal work?

A

they slowed down the Depression but did not stop it

61
Q

worst drought in American history
- around the Great Plains (Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, etc.)
- 2.5 million farmers lost their land and homes

A

the Dust Bowl

62
Q

people who migrated from the Great Plains to California to get away from the Dust Bowl

A

“okies”

63
Q

migratory workers or homeless vagabonds who looked around for jobs
- “riding the rails”

A

hobos

64
Q

when did the Great Depression end and why?

A

the Great Depression ended when the USA entered WWII (1941)
- men went off to war and the women entered the factories making war materials
- unemployment went down completely and factories boomed!

US History 1 - college (11 decks)

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