Roaring 20's/Great Depression Test Flashcards by Penelope Whitten

what was the only thing wrong with the USA’s money doubling between 1920 and 1929?

the money was not equally distributed

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

why was there a “cultural civil war” in America

old conservative, Christian values were questioned (especially religion)
it was the start of the “Modern Age”, kicking out the “Victorian Age” ideas about gender roles, religion, and values.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what was the name of the group of African Americans that moved from the South to the North during the Roaring 20’s

The Great Migration

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

why were there immigrant tensions during this time?

everything “bad” in society was blamed on the immigrants (Catholics, African Americans)
- alcohol, flappers, crime, and jazz

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what was the “red scare”?

fear that there was going to be a communist takeover of the US gov.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what was the “noble experiment” led by the Women’s Temperance Union?

prohibition
- 18th amendment made manufacturing, buying, or selling alcohol illegal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what act of the prohibition closed all taverns, bars, and saloons?

Volstead Act

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

people who ran illegal alcohol businesses and brought booze in from Canada

gangsters

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

most famous gangster in the time period
- ran Chicago

Al Capone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

underground alcohol/dance clubs

speakeasies

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

farmers in rural areas who made homemade recipes of whiskey

moonshiners

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

why did prohibition end?

alcohol was a huge tax revenue for the local, state, and federal government
- very profitable

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

society created where everyone bought things with credit (buy now, pay later)
- people acted as if they had money

consumer society

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

19th century women’s roles:

housework, childcare
married women gave up all rights to husband (money, property, etc)
couldn’t vote

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

early leaders of women’s rights reform:

1) Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cody Stanton, + Lucricia Mott

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

convention where women made a statement of grievances modeled after the Dec. of Independence
- demanded equal rights + right to vote

Seneca Falls Convention

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what were women activists called?

suffragettes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

“new women”
- new sense of independence, working outside of home, and birth control

Sexual Revolution

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

founder of Planned Parenthood

Margaret Sanger

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

women who wore short skirts, short hair styles, and drank like men

flappers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what were cigarettes called for women

“freedom torches”

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

when was the phograph/victrola created

1877 but over 100 million records were sold in 1927 alone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

new source of communication
- one of the greatest inventions of the time period that unified the nations
- brought news, weather, entertainment, sports, etc into the home

the radio

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

first radio in America
- 1920 in Pittsburg

WKDKA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

spectator sports (in order of popularity)

1) baseball was king - "National Pastime" - Babe Ruth ("The Babe") made more money than the president 2) Boxing - Jack Dempsey (heavyweight champ) 3,4,5) football, tennis, + golf

motion pictures and hollywood

by 1929 75% of Americans were going to the theater at least once a week! - silent films at first, then on to "talkies", then news reels (commercials, AD's)

first talking film

The Jazz Singer

famous actresses

1) Greta Garbo 2) Mary Pickford

famous actors

1) Charlie Chaplin 2) Rudolph Valentino 3) Gary Cooper

what gave Americans a sense of freedom and independence and the ability to go on vacations? - also created new industries such as motels, gas stations, road constructions, + resorts

the automobile

the greatest engineer of the time - his Model T made autos affordable! - created the "assembly line" (faster)

Henry Ford

auto capitol of the world

Detroit

new musical styles created during the roaring 20's - Harlem NY city

jazz and blues

famous jazz composer and trumpeter, respectively

George Gershwin and Louis Armstrong

most famous jazz club in Harlem

Cotton Club

dances popular during the Dance Craze

the "Charleston", the "Shimmy" and the "Flea Hop"

the "new Negro Movement" - celebration of African American culture - began to create their own music, lit, and art

the Harlem Renaissance

capitol of black America

Harlem

famous people of the Harlem Ren.

1) Lanston Hughes (poet) 2) Duke Ellington 3) Louis Armstrong (musician)

why and how was religion questioned during this time?

- it was challenged by Charles Darwin - Evolution Theory challenged God and creation

what began evolution being taught in public schools; which ultimately led to "Modern Science"

the Scopes Monkey Trial

violent group of white supremacists - anti - black, Jewish, Catholic + immigration organization - peaked in the 1920's (3-4 mil members)

the Ku Klux Klan ("invisible empire")

leader and symbol of the KKK

leader - Supreme Grand Wizard symbol - flaming cross

who ushered in the Age of Aviation - 1st solo transatlantic flight (NYC to Paris) - known as "Lucky Lindy" - national hero

Charles Lindburgh

early African American activists

1) Marcus Garvey - "Back to Africa" movement - controversial; said that it was hopeless to integrate into America and encouraged African Americans to return to their roots 2) W.E.B Du Bois - co-founder of the NAAPC (National Asso. for the Advancement of Colored People)

Marcus Garvey established what organization and religion?

- the Universal Negro Improvement Asso. - Rastafarion

"lost generation" of writers out of WWI

1) Ernest Hemingway - "A Farewell to Arms", "To Whom the Bell Tolls" 2) F. Scott Fitzgerald - "The Great Gatsby" (exposes that money does not buy happiness)

why was the Roaring Twenties not actually real?

buying things on credit gave the illusion that everyone was prosperous

why was the Roaring Twenties not actually real?

buying things on credit gave the illusion that everyone was prosperous.

causes of the Great Depression

1) unequal distribution of wealth 2) overproduction in industry 3) high tariffs ( USA charged high taxes on trade goods so other countries retaliated and worldwide trade stopped) 4) easy credit - banks were giving too much credit so people were spending money they didn't have and borrowing money to invest ("buying on the margin") 5) Stock Market Crash ("Black Tuesday") - Oct. 9, 1929. a year later, people found out abt the crash and started a "run on the bank" (took all their money out). this led to most banks collapsing. bc they had no insurance, ppl lost their life savings overnight

towns that sprang up during the GD, unemployed people

Shanty Towns ("Hoovervilles")

who was the president at the beginning of the GD and what did he do to comabat the depression?

Herbert Hoover - did very little to combat the depression (thought it would run its course and be over)

the 17,000 soldiers from WWI who were promised a bonus from the gov. for their service - they wanted their money now so they marched on Washington and demanded it - violence broke out and Hoover called the Army to bring it down

Bonus Army

who won the election of 1932?

Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR)

what did FDR do abt the GD?

faced it head on 1) Emergency Bank Act (National Bank Holiday closed the banks for 5 days. meant to stabilize the banks again) 2) started the FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation) that protected people's money in the banking system.

where Roosevelt talked to the people over the radio - method of communication he used to explain his programs to combat the GD

FDR's Fireside Chats

FDR's group of leading scholars/businessmen - his Cabinet (advisors)

the Brain Trust

set of federal economic programs to get US out of the Depression - centered on the 3 R's (Relief: temporary help, Recovery: help the economy bounce back, Reform: targeted the causes and ways to prevent it)

New Deal

major programs under the New Deal

1) Public Works Program - gave jobs to people building highways, parks, bridges, schools, dams, etc. 2) Federal Emergency Relief - gave small amounts of money to people until they could get a job 3) Federal assistance to farmers, businesses, and banks 4) Social Security - set aside money from people's paychecks for retirement

did the programs under the New Deal work?

they slowed down the Depression but did not stop it

worst drought in American history - around the Great Plains (Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, etc.) - 2.5 million farmers lost their land and homes

the Dust Bowl

people who migrated from the Great Plains to California to get away from the Dust Bowl

"okies"

migratory workers or homeless vagabonds who looked around for jobs - "riding the rails"

hobos

when did the Great Depression end and why?

the Great Depression ended when the USA entered WWII (1941) - men went off to war and the women entered the factories making war materials - unemployment went down completely and factories boomed!