American Civilization Flashcards

1
Q

why is there only six thousand years of recorded history?

A

because that is how old the world is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

two worlds collided 500 years ago, what were those two worlds

A

the Old and New worlds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how did the Natives first get to North America?

A

by a land bridge called “Beringia” that connected Siberia and Alaska

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what were the Nomadic hunters following when they crossed the land bridge?

A

they were following the migrating animals (food)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

who were the last Natives to migrate and settle down?

A

the Inuits (Alaskan natives)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how many languages were there in North America by 1492

A

there were over 54 million natives and over 2000 languages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what crop changed the Nomadic lifestyle of the Natives?

A

maize (corn). they could finally settle down and grow their own food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what were the three largest civilizations?

A
  1. Inca - Peru
  2. Aztec - Mexico
  3. Mayans - Central America
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what were the “three sister crops”?

A

beans, maize and squash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what were the two oldest groups in the USA

A
  1. the Anasazi - the “ancient ones”

2. the Mound Builders - Mississippians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

5 Major groups (Regions) of Native Americans

A
  1. Northwest - Walla Walla, Nez Pierce
    - totem pole (family history) - potlach (gift giving)
  2. Southwest - Pueblo, Navaho, Apache
    - Kachina (spirits)
  3. Plains - Sioux, Cheyenne
    - Mandela (spirit shield) - dream catchers
  4. Eastern Woodland/Great Lakes - Iroquis, Mohican, Erie
    - peace pipe (passport, treaty) - Matriarchal
  5. Southeastern - Cherokee, Seminole
    - corn festival
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what the colonists left behind in Europe

A

royal authority, official religion, and social hierarchies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ideals the colonists cherished in the New World

A

individual liberty, self-government, religious tolerance and economic opportunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what was the religion of the Native Americans? the one thing that they all shared

A

Animism - spirit worship (ancestors) + nature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the major deities of Animism

A

Great Spirit - universal god/being
Father Sky - Creator
Mother Earth - sustainer of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

name for the medical men/priests

A

shamans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

who were the first Europeans to step foot on American soil?

A

the Vikings (Norse) - Leif Erikson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what four things sparked the Age of Exploration?

A
  1. Marco Polo’s travels - discovered exotic goods (spices, perfumes, tea, etc)
  2. Crusades - hope to restore the Holy Land to Christendom and spread Christianity
  3. Trade - open up new and less expensive trade routes
  4. the rise of absolute monarchs in Europe
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

who were the first explorers and who led them?

A

it was the Portuguese led by Henry the Navigator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

two Portuguese explorers:

A
  1. Bartholomew Dias - first to go around Africa

2. Vasco de Gama - first to reach the Indies by going around Africa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Spain monarchs of the time

A

Ferdinand and Isabella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

good things to come out of Christopher Columbus’ discovery

A
  1. greatest nation in history was created
  2. spread of Christianity
  3. opportunity for settlement
  4. world trade
  5. improved the standard of life for some
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

controversial side of Columbus’ discovery

A
  1. European diseases
  2. introduction of slave labor
  3. the Americas natural resources were exploited
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

three different continents were brought together that all supplied different things to the economic system. what were those things?

A
  1. Europe - provided markets and capital (money)
  2. Africa - labor force
  3. Americas - raw materials
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what was the Columbian exchange?

A

exchange of plants, animals, microbes, and people between the old and new worlds

26
Q

things introduced to the Europeans by the Americans:

A

tobacco, corn, beans, tomatoes, potatoes, sugar, chocolate

27
Q

things introduced to the Americans by the Europeans:

A

livestock: cattle, pigs, and HORSES

28
Q

Native American way of life:

A
  • property/status - land was “communal” and gift giving led to high status (Egalitarian society)
  • gender roles - men hunted and fished (fought), women farmed (actually had rights)
  • religion: Pagan - many gods and spirits/ancestors
29
Q

the Europeans thought the Native Americans were…

A

uncivilized brutes or noble savages

30
Q

European way of life:

A
  • property/status - land was individually owned + to be exploited. acquiring land and wealth led to a high status
  • gender roles - patriarchal: men owned businesses and had all the power and rights
  • religion - one God (Christian)
31
Q

what was the Black Legend?

A

the idea that the Spanish only tortured and butchered the natives, stole their gold and left them with little but misery

32
Q

what compliment did the Spanish pay to the Natives?

A

they intermarried with them and formed a new culture with them called the mestizos

33
Q

what was the treaty of Tordesillas?

A

a treaty between Spain and Portugal where the Pope divided up the New World between them. Spain got most of it, Portugal only really got Brazil

34
Q

from where to where did the Spanish empire stretch?

A

from the Philippines (Pacific) to the Americas (Atlantic)

35
Q

what were some of the Spanish “conquistadores” and what did they come for?

A
  • Balboa, Magellan, Cortez, Pizarro, De Soto, De Leon, Coronado
  • they came for the 3 G’s = gold, God, and glory
36
Q

what were the major cities in the Spanish Empire?

A

Lima, Santa Fe, St. Augustine, Havana, and Los Angeles

37
Q

governors were also called…

A

viceroys

38
Q

the three types of provinces in the Spanish Empire

A
  1. Presido - forts
  2. Missions
  3. Pueblos - trading
39
Q

the encomienda/repartimiento system did what?

A

it established Spanish authority over the Native Americans (including forced labor and religious conversion)

40
Q

what was the most complete victory of the Natives over the Europeans?

A

the Pueblo Revolt (or Pope’s Rebellion)

41
Q

who helped bring an end to slave labor in the Spanish settlements?

A

Father De la Casas

42
Q

the geologically oldest mountains in the world

A

The Appalachians

43
Q

The Iroquis Confederacy remained a strong political and military influence until…

A

the American Revolution. many picked different sides and the confederacy was divided

44
Q

much of the Spanish motivation to explore came from the newfound confidence after…

A

the national defeat and expulsion of the Muslim Moors

45
Q

what was the effect of the rise of centralized national monarchs, such as those of Spain?

A

it was a crucial development that paved the way for the European colonization of America

46
Q

the early primary rival of Spain for the New World

A

Portugal

47
Q

important Mississippian culture sight, near Illinois

A

Cahokia

48
Q

flourishing West African that had its capital and university in Timbuktu

A

Mali

49
Q

wealthy capital of the Aztec empire

A

Tenochtitlan

50
Q

person of mixed Indian and European ancestory

A

mestizos

51
Q

Indian people of the Rio Grande Valley who were cruelly oppressed by the Spanish

A

Pueblo

52
Q

female Indian slave who served as an interpreter for Cortes

A

Malinche

53
Q

legendary founder of the Iroquis Confederacy

A

Hiawatha

54
Q

the financers and beneficiaries of Columbus’ voyage west

A

Ferdinand and Isabella

55
Q

the oldest, continually inhabited European settlement in US history

A

St. Augustine

56
Q

Italian-born navigator sent by the English to explore the North American coast in 1498

A

John Cabot

57
Q

the powerful Aztec monarch who fell to the Spanish because he believed Cortes was a god come to fulfill a prophecy

A

Montezuma

58
Q

Franciscan missionary that settled California

A

Junipero Serra

59
Q

inland sea left by melting glaciers whose remnant is the Great Salt Lake

A

Lake Bonneville

60
Q

Spanish conquistador that conquered the Incas in Peru

A

Pizarro