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US History 1 - college > Chapter 6-8 > Flashcards

Chapter 6-8 Flashcards

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1
Q

England’s greatest rival in the 1750s

A

France

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2
Q

1st French explorer
- explored the St. Lawrence River to find a mythical water route through the Americas

A

Jaques Cartier

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3
Q

French Explorer that established the first settlement at Quebec
- “Father of New France”
- made an alliance with the Huron Indians (undoing later)

A

Samuel de Champlain

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4
Q

French explorer that establishes Detroit

A

Antoine Cadillac

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5
Q

French explorer that claims the Southern portion of the Miss. river and calls it Louisiana
- first explorer to go South

A

Robert de la Salle

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6
Q

French missionary priests
- called the “black robes”
- tried to convert the Indians

A

Jesuits

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7
Q

protestant minority that was not allowed to go to the New World

A

Huguenots

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8
Q

main reason for the French to settle in the new world

A

fur trade!
- “hairy bank notes”

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9
Q

why did the French have the best relationship with the Indians

A
  1. trade partners (fur trade)
  2. treated them as equals
  3. did not steal their land
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10
Q

last of the European world wars that was fought for control over the Ohio River Valley
- the French wanted to connect their N. American empire to Canada and Britain wanted to expand West

A

the Seven Years War/The French and Indian War

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11
Q

man sent by gov. of Virginia Robert Dinwiddle to survey the land and evict the French

A

George Washington

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12
Q

Battle of Fort Nessecity

A
  • George Washington
  • 1st battle of the Seven Years War
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13
Q

Battle of Fort Duquesne

A
  • General Braddock
  • British were ambushed and severely beaten
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14
Q

British Invade Canada

A
  • 1756
  • terrible for the British!
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15
Q

USA’s oldest propaganda

A

Join or Die
- Benjamin Franklin draws a snake with 13 sections to unite the British against the French

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16
Q

Benjamin Franklin’s attempt to create a unified gov. to defeat the French
- failed

A

New Albany Plan

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17
Q

new Prime minister (1757) that proposed to borrow tons of money for supplies and to hire young officers to command the army

A

William Pit

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18
Q

battles in 1758 that the Brits win with the help of the Iroquois

A

Louisburg, Ticonderoga, and Niagra

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19
Q

Battle of Quebec

A
  • James Wolfe defeats the Marquis de Montcalm
  • turning point of the war!!
  • leads to the end of the war in 1763 (Treaty of Paris)
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20
Q

results of the French and Indian War

A
  1. Great Britain gained all land east of the Mississippi River
  2. French driven out of N. America
  3. Great Britain hugely in debt!!
  4. Boosted American morale
  5. shattered the myth of British invincibility
  6. roots of the American Revolution
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21
Q

George Granville came up with 4 ways to generate money from the colonists

A
  1. renewal of The Navigation Acts (stopped colonial smuggling)
  2. Writ of Assistance (to search ships + buildings)
  3. Admiralty Courts (courts set up to convict smugglers)
  4. TAXES!
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22
Q

what was the first tax put upon the colonists?

A

the Sugar Act

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23
Q

the first direct tax on colonists that taxed all of the printed goods

A

Stamp Act

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24
Q

who said “taxation w/out representation is tyranny”

A

James Otis

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25
Q

who denounced tax and demanded its repeal

A

Patrick Henry

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26
Q

there were two protests of the Stamp Act organized by the Sons of Liberty

A
  1. Mob Action: intimidation, threat, violence
  2. Boycott: refused to buy British goods
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27
Q

the year in which Parliament repealed the Stamp Act and started the Declaratory Act (stated that England still had the power to govern and tax them)

A

1766

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28
Q
  • new Prime minister in 1766 that put a tax on the goods essential to the colonists
A

Charles Townshend

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29
Q
  • in 1768 a ship owned by John Hancock (smuggler) was confiscated by officials
  • riots sweep over Boston
A

Liberty Incident

30
Q
  • act that forced the colonists to house British soldiers
A

1st Quartering Act

31
Q
  • mob protest that united the colonists
  • 5 colonists killed
A

the Boston Massacre

32
Q

underground spy network that watched British movements

A

the Committee of Correspondence

33
Q

Tea Act of 1773

A
  • British East India Company was bankrupt + decided to tax tea
  • this act gave them exclusive rights on the selling of tea
34
Q

The Boston Tea Party

A
  • in 1773 the Sons of Liberty dumped tons of tea into the harbor
35
Q

because of the Tea Party King George passed the Intolerable Acts

A
  1. Boston Port Act (closed down port)
  2. Massachusetts gov act (lost right to rule themselves)
  3. New Quartering Act
36
Q

1st Continental Congress (Suffolk resolves)

A
  1. demanded repeal of all taxes
  2. repeal of the Quartering Act
  3. All British troops be sent back to England
  4. Boycott British goods
  5. formed militias
37
Q

in April of 1775 the king sends 3000 more troops under the command of who

A

Thomas Gage

38
Q

Gage sent 700 troops to Lexington + Concord under the command of…

A

John Pitcairn

39
Q

person who warned Paul Revere and William Dawes that the British were coming

A

Dr. Joseph Warren

40
Q

writer of “The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere”

A

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

41
Q

American Revolution’s main cause

A

taxation without representation

42
Q

first major battle of the Revolution and the DEADLIEST
- “don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes” - William Prescott

A

Battle of Bunkerhill

43
Q

results of Bunkerhill:

A
  1. the Brits evacuated Boston
  2. 2nd Continental Congress meets
44
Q

what happened at the 2nd continental congress?

A
  1. create an army
  2. chose George Washington as commander
  3. Olive Branch Petition: to make peace with GB, doesn’t work
45
Q

author of “Common Sense”
- a book that unites colonists against the British
- proposed the “American Experiment” - self rule

A

Thomas Paine

46
Q

what was the birth of the USA

A

the resolution to prove our independence
- ratified on July 4, 1776

47
Q

3 major ideas of the USA

A
  1. all men are created equal
  2. all men have 3 God-given rights: life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
  3. gov. to serve the people
48
Q

advantages and disadvantages of the Brits:

A

ad:
- better army + navy
- strong central gov.
- unlimited supplies
dis:
- unfamiliar territory
- mercenary soldiers
- not fully supported
- arrogant and cocky

49
Q

American disadvatages and advantages

A

ad:
- fighting for Independence!!\
- leadership of George Washington
- familiar territory
dis:
- poorly trained army
- no navy
- very little money/supplies

50
Q

largest battle of the war!
- General William Howe against George Washington (35000 against 19000)

A

Battles of Long Island

51
Q

results of the Battles of Long Island

A
  1. British occupy NY
  2. most Americans deserted the army!
    - lowest point in the war
52
Q

Two events that boosted morale after all seemed lost:

A
  1. Thomas Paine wrote “The American Crisis” - which challenged their courage
  2. Battle of Trenton - Americans win
53
Q

battle of the Revolution that changed everything
- great American victory
- when France decided to join!
- Horatio Gates (American) and John Burgoyne (Brit)

A

Battle of Saratoga

54
Q

what did the French bring to the Revolution? `

A
  1. navy
  2. money
  3. fresh troops!
  4. allies - Spanish and Dutch!
55
Q

a desperate attempt by the colonists to make peace
- offered self-rule as a British colony

A

Carlisle Peace Commision

56
Q

Battle of Philidelphia

A
  • lost our largest city!
  • forced to retreat to Valley Forge (harsh winter + smallpox almost destroys army)
57
Q

Foreign assistance:

A
  1. Fredrick von Steuben - trainer
  2. Marquis de Lafayette
  3. Haym Solomen - raised money
58
Q

famous women

A
  1. Deborah Sampson - disguised herself as a man to join the army
  2. Mary Ludwig Hays - “Molly Pitcher” or the “heroine at battle of Monmouth”
  3. Betsy Ross - made American flag
59
Q

famous Americans

A
  1. John Paul Jones - naval commander of the Bonhomme Richard
  2. Henry Lee - calvary officer
  3. Patrick Henry - “give me liberty or give me death”
  4. Nathan Hale - member of a spy network (“I regret that I have but one life to give for my country”)
  5. Benedict Arnold - traitor to his country
60
Q

why did Benedict Arnold betray his country?

A
  1. he was the victim of a smear campaign
  2. not promoted as he should have been
  3. loyalist wife
61
Q

overall commander of the Brits that decided to move south to gain loyalist support

A

General Henry Clipton

62
Q

Battle of Charles Town

A
  • greatest British victory of the war!
63
Q

commander left in charge of the Brits expedition in the South that would make a fatal mistake

A

General Charles Cornwallis

64
Q
  • man known as the “swamp fox”
  • used guerilla warfare to frustrate the British
A

Francis Marion

65
Q
  • general known as the “Fighting Quaker” that fought many battles in the South
A

Nathanael Greene

66
Q
  • man known as the “Old Waggoner”
  • sent to help Marion in the South
A

Daniel Morgan

67
Q

major victories for the Americans:

A

battles of Saratoga, Kings Mountain, Guilford courthouse, and Yorktown

68
Q

battle that essentially ended the war on October 17, 1781

A

Battle of Yorktown

69
Q

commanders involved in Yorktown:

A

American (Washington), French (Rochambeau), and French navy (De Grasse)

70
Q

treaty negotiated in 1783 by Ben Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay that officially ended the war

A

Treaty of Paris

71
Q

results of the American Revolution:

A
  1. Independence!!
  2. the revolutionary idea of common ppl ruling themselves becomes a reality
  3. creates a new “egalitarian” society
  4. Americans begin to question slavery
  5. beginning of religious freedom - “Wall of Separation” between church and state
72
Q

America is based on what 3 pieces of paper:

A
  1. Declaration of Independence
  2. The Constitution
  3. The Bill of Rights

US History 1 - college (11 decks)

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