ROA: p. 4-5 Flashcards
NEUROLOGIC AGENTS
- analgesic
- antivertigo
- migraine drugs
- sedative/hypnotics
- local anesthetics
- general anesthetics
- anticonvulsants/anti-epileptics
- drugs used in movement disorders (parkinsonism, hypokinesia, huntington’s disease)
- anti-anxiety/anxiolytics
- anti-depressants
- antipsychotics/neuroleptics
- Nootropic / Memory Enhancers / Smart Drugs / Neuro enhancers / Intelligence enhancers
Drugs that bring about reduction of pain without loss of consciousness
analgesic
________ is often confused with the terms dizziness and fainting (both refer to the sensation of feeling light-headed and near to passing out).
- refers to the feeling that the environment around the patient is in motion.
- Vertigo
ANTIVERTIGO
Reduce frequency, severity and duration of migraine attacks
migraine drugs
Drugs that produce dose-dependent CNS depressant effects in order to reduce anxiety and induce sleep
sedative/hypnotics
Drugs that cause blockade of sensory transmission from a local area of the body to the CNS
local anesthetics
Drugs that cause unconsciousness, analgesia, amnesia, skeletal muscle relaxation and loss of reflexes
general anesthesia
Management of seizures
anticonvulsants/anti-epileptics
Manage different kinds of movement or extra-pyramidal symptoms
DRUGS USED IN MOVEMENT DISORDERS
parkinsonism
hypokinesia
huntington’s disease
A neurologic syndrome characterized by tremor, hypokinesia, rigidity, and postural instability
parkinsonism
An inherited disease that causes certain nerve cells in the brain to waste away
hypokinesia
A neurological disorder characterized by repetitive, stereotyped, involuntary movements and vocalizations
huntington’s disease
treat panic disorder, phobia, anxiety, PTSD
anti-anxiety or anxiolytics
monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI): phenelzine, selegiline
TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS (TCA): amitryptyline, imipramine
HETEROCYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS: bupropion
SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS (SSRI): fluoxetine, sertraline
anti-depressants
Drugs used to manage psychoses, schizophrenia and mood disorders
anti-psychotics or neuroleptics
Nootropic / Memory Enhancers / Smart Drugs / Neuro enhancers / Intelligence enhancers
RESPIRATORY AGENTS
- decongestant
- broncodilator
- antitussive
- expectorant
- mucolytics
Relieve nasal congestion in the Upper Respiratory Tract (URT)
decongestant
- medications that relax the bronchial muscles
- Relaxing these muscles makes the airways larger, allowing air to pass through the lungs easier
- helps people with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and asthma breath better
bronchodilator
Suppresses the body’s urge to cough
antitussive
Works by signaling the body to increase the amount or hydration of secretions, resulting in more yet clearer secretions and as a byproduct lubricating the irritated respiratory tract.
expectorant
Agent that dissolves thick mucus and is usually used to help relieve respiratory difficulties
mucolytic
GASTROINTESTINAL AGENTS
- antidiarrheal
- cathartics/laxative
- antiflatulent
- anti-emetic
- antacid
- antiulcerant
_________: condition of having three or more loose or liquid bowel movements per day
Diarrhea
antidiarrheal
Food, compound and/or drugs taken to loosen the stool, most often taken to treat constipation
cathartics/laxative
_________: medical term for releasing gas from the digestive system through the anus
Flatulence
antiflatulence
Drug that is effective against nausea and vomiting (N/V).
- usually used to treat motion sickness and the side effects of analgesics, general anesthetic and chemotherapy:
antiemetic
Substance which neutralizes stomach acidity and help to treat heartburn (indigestion)
antacid
________: break in the tissue lining the stomach due to high acidity
Ulcer or peptic ulcer
OPHTHALMIC AGENTS
- miotic
- mydriatic
Drug that causes constriction of the pupil of the eye, used for the treatment of glaucoma
miotic
Drug that causes dilation of the pupil of the eye, used to aid eye examinations (rabbits)
mydriatic
TOPICAL ACTING AGENTS
- emollient
- antipruritic
- rubifacient
- astringent
- antiseborrheic
- keratolytic
- pediculiside
- scabicides
Agent that softens and smoothens the skin
emollient
Drug that reduces itching
antipruritic
Agent than irritates the skin consequently causing redness of the skin
rubifacient
Substance typically used to toughen and shrink proteins (pore)
astringent
Preventing or relieving excessive release of sebum
antiseborrheic
Drug that softens the superficial keratin-containing layer of the skin and promotes desquamation
keratolytic
Insecticide suitable for eradicating louse infestation
pediculiside
Insecticide suitable for eradicating itch from mites
scabicides
____________: system of biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease
- Drug that inhibits immune response to foreign materials used to suppress rejection of tissue grafts
- Immune system
IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT
_________: chemical found in some of the body’s cells causes many of the symptoms of allergies
- Drug used to counteract the physiological effects of histamine production in allergic reactions and colds
- Histamine
ANTIHISTAMINE
Drug that attacks the malignant cells of the body
_______: condition that is very serious and dangerous, tending grow and spread in a rapid and uncontrolled way
_______: condition, tumor, or growth that is not cancerous; it does not spread to other parts of the body
- Malignant
- Benign
ANTINEOPLASTIC
Drug that stimulates uterine motility used in obstetrics to initiate labor or control postpartum hemorrhage
oxytosic
Agent that suppresses premature labor
tocolytic
prevent unwanted pregnancy
hormonal contraceptive
__________: chronic condition associated with abnormally high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood
- ___________: pancreas are incapable of making insulin; occur in young, lean individuals, usually before 30 years of age
- ____________: pancreas produces larger than normal quantities of insulin; the incidence increases with age
- Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
- Type I DM (Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or juvenile onset diabetes mellitus (JODM)
- Type II DM (on-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or adult-onset diabetes mellitus (AODM)
Drugs that are used to determine the functional state of a body organ or to determine the presence of diseases
diagnostic agents
Organic compound that the body requires in small amounts to maintain health and carry out essential biochemical processes
fat-soluble: _______
water-soluble: _______
- fat-soluble: A, D, E, K (dairy products & rich in fats)
- water-soluble: C (& the rest of the vitamins)
VITAMINS
Used in proper functioning of the body such as including building bones, making hormones and regulating your heartbeat
macro minerals: _________
trace minerals: _________
- Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Cl, S
- Fe, Mn, I, Zn, F, Se
MINERALS
Drug that reduces the effects of ingested poisons
AGENTS
ANTIDOTE
AGENTS
- acetaminophen/paracetamol
- benzodiazepine
- insulin reaction
- iron
- lead
- warfarin
ANTIDOTE
- acetylcysteine
- flumazenil
- glucose (dextrose 50%)
- deferoxamine
- dimercaprol
- phytonadione (VITAMIN K)
ANTIDOTE
