RNA viruses pt. 2

Question 1

Human Immunodeficiency virus

• Transmission?
• Disease?
• Signs?

Answer 1

• Sexual intercourse and blood
• Acquired immunodificiency syndrome
• Fatigue and more opportunistic infections

Question 2

How does HIV infect cells? (steps)

Answer 2

1. Phagocytosed by Dendritic cells
2. Uses Reverse transcriptase molecule to make more
3. Integrated into host DNA

Question 3

What two things determine the extent of symptoms of AIDS?

Answer 3

1. How much virus is present
2. How many T-cells are present

Question 4

What types of glycoprotein spikes does HIV have?

What is their purpose?

Answer 4

1) GP120
* Bind T-cell CCR5

GP41

• Binds T-cell CD4

Question 5

The capsid of HIV contains:

Answer 5

2 ssRNA molecules

Question 6

What enzymes does HIV use?

Answer 6

1. Protease= destroy proteins
2. Integrase= for integration
3. Reverse transcriptase= covert ssRNA to dsDNA

Question 7

Once HIV dsDNA enters host nucleus, what does it do?

Answer 7

1. Some integrates into host DNA
2. Some make more ssRNA

Question 8

What is new HIV ssRNA used for after replication?

Answer 8

1. some made into viral proteins
2. some made into new virions

Question 9

What do these treatments for HIV do:

1. NRTI
2. NNRTI

Answer 9

1. NRTI= Make fake nucleotides
2. NNRTI= Binds reverse transcriptase

Question 10

What do these HIV treatments do:

1. Protease inhibitors
2. Integrase inhibitors
3. Fusion inhibitors

Answer 10

1. Protease= Inhibits assembly and maturation
2. Integrase= Inhibits viral DNA into host genome
3. Fusion= Prevents docking with host receptor

Question 11

Poliovirus

• Transmission?
• Disease
• Treatment?

Answer 11

• Ingesting contaminated food etc…
• Polio
• Injectible or live oral vaccine

Question 12

How does Polio travel throughout the body?

What does it cause?

Answer 12

• Binds to intestinal cells
• Travels to CNS (neurotropic virus)

Causes Paralysis

Question 13

Hepatitis A

Transmission?

Symptoms?

Treatment?

Answer 13

• Oral-fecal route
• Travels to liver and causes Jaundice and dark urine
• Inactivated vaccine

Question 14

Rhinovirus

• Where does it survive best?
• Disease?
• Where does it survive in body?

Answer 14

• Likes cooler nasal temp
• Common cold
• Incubates in respiratory epithelium

Question 15

Why is there no cure for the common cold?

Answer 15

• Too many different antigen knobs
• Antibodies too big to access antigen pockets

Question 16

Norovirus

• Transmission
• How many virus particles are needed for infection?

Answer 16

• Oral-fecal route by contaminated water/shellfish
• Only 20 virus particles

Question 17

What disease does Norovirus cause?

Symptoms?

Answer 17

Viral gastroenteritis

Vomiting, diarrhea

Question 18

Rotavirus

• Transmission?
• Disease?
• Treatment?

Answer 18

• Fecal contaminated food
• Infant diarrhea
• Live attenuated, oral vaccine