Gram + bacilli Flashcards
Gram + bacilli are typically divided into groups based on:
- Endospores
- Being acid-fast
What are the common traits of gram + bacilli?
- Oxygen requirements
- Natural environment
- Catalase test
- Oxygen requirements= Facultative anaerobes
- Natural environment= Soil
- Positive catalase test
Do gram positive bacilli form endospores:
Where might they form?
Form everywhere except in human host
Bacillus anthracis
What are the three diseases it causes?
Major signs of each?
- Cutaneous anthrax
- Form eschar
- Pulmonary anthrax
- Kill macrophages
- Gastrointestinal anthrax
What are the treatments of Bacillus anthracis?
- Clindamycin
- Monocolonal antibodies
Bacillus cereus
- Symptoms caused by:
- endospore forms where?
- Disease caused:
- Enterotoxins
- Form endospores in food
- Causes gastrointestinal food poisoning
Clostridium
- Oxygen requirement
- Natrual environment
- When are endospores made
- Catalase test reaction
- oxygen= Obligate anaerobe
- Environmental and GI
- Only under anaerobic conditionns
- catalase test
C. perfringens
Disease
Releases:
Signs
Gas Gangrene or food poisoning
Releases alpha-toxin
Damaged tissue releases gas
Treatment for C. perfringens/Gas Gangrene
Hyperbaric oxygen treatment
or
Clindamycin and penicillin
C. tetani
Disease
Releases:
Signs
- Tetanus
- release tetanospasmin (neurotransmitter)
- Muscles contract forcefully
What is the treatment for tetanus?
- Antibodies therapy
- Penicillin
- Vaccination containing tetanus toxoid
C. difficile
Disease?
Causes?
C-diff infection
Enterotoxin causes necrosis of intestinal walls
What are the treatments of C. diff infection?
- Vancomycin
- Probiotic
- Fecal transplant
C. botulinum
Disease:
What do they produce?
What does it cause?
C botulinum or C perfingens
Forms botulinum
Prevents release of acetylcholine: no muscle contraction
What are the treatments of C. botulinum?
- Antitoxins
- Penicillin
