Gram + bacilli Flashcards
Gram + bacilli are typically divided into groups based on:
- Endospores
- Being acid-fast
What are the common traits of gram + bacilli?
- Oxygen requirements
- Natural environment
- Catalase test
- Oxygen requirements= Facultative anaerobes
- Natural environment= Soil
- Positive catalase test
Do gram positive bacilli form endospores:
Where might they form?
Form everywhere except in human host
Bacillus anthracis
What are the three diseases it causes?
Major signs of each?
- Cutaneous anthrax
- Form eschar
- Pulmonary anthrax
- Kill macrophages
- Gastrointestinal anthrax
What are the treatments of Bacillus anthracis?
- Clindamycin
- Monocolonal antibodies
Bacillus cereus
- Symptoms caused by:
- endospore forms where?
- Disease caused:
- Enterotoxins
- Form endospores in food
- Causes gastrointestinal food poisoning
Clostridium
- Oxygen requirement
- Natrual environment
- When are endospores made
- Catalase test reaction
- oxygen= Obligate anaerobe
- Environmental and GI
- Only under anaerobic conditionns
- catalase test
C. perfringens
Disease
Releases:
Signs
Gas Gangrene or food poisoning
Releases alpha-toxin
Damaged tissue releases gas
Treatment for C. perfringens/Gas Gangrene
Hyperbaric oxygen treatment
or
Clindamycin and penicillin
C. tetani
Disease
Releases:
Signs
- Tetanus
- release tetanospasmin (neurotransmitter)
- Muscles contract forcefully
What is the treatment for tetanus?
- Antibodies therapy
- Penicillin
- Vaccination containing tetanus toxoid
C. difficile
Disease?
Causes?
C-diff infection
Enterotoxin causes necrosis of intestinal walls
What are the treatments of C. diff infection?
- Vancomycin
- Probiotic
- Fecal transplant
C. botulinum
Disease:
What do they produce?
What does it cause?
C botulinum or C perfingens
Forms botulinum
Prevents release of acetylcholine: no muscle contraction
What are the treatments of C. botulinum?
- Antitoxins
- Penicillin
What are the traits of Listeria
- Morphology
- Oxygen requirement
- Natural environment
- Cocco bacilli
- Found everywhere
- No endospores
Listeria monocytogenes
Diseases:
How does bacteria multiply
Listeriosis
Produces lysteriolysin to escape phagocytic vacuole: multiplies in cytoplasm
What makes Listeria monocytogenes so sneaky?
- Pass between host cells to avoid humoral immune system
- Can cross placenta
What is the treatment of Listeria monocytogenes?
Ampicillin
Corynebacterium diptheriae
Disease?
What does it produce?
What are the treatments?
Diptheria
Diptherotoxin
Horse antitoxin and Penicillin
What are the two stages of diphteria?
What are the symptoms of the stages?
Local: Sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes
Toxemia: Respiratory failure and heart damage
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
diseases?
What does it cause?
How is it transmitted?
Tuberculosis
Form tubercles in lungs
Mucous droplets
What are the symptoms of tuberculosis
Treatment?
Bloody cough
Rifampin
How is do TB x-rays detect TB?
- Primary infection: X-ray lower part of lungs
- Secondary infection: X-ray upper part of lung
How can you test for TB?
- Intradermal skin test
- X-ray
- Acid-fast stain (positive= red)
