Body system diseases pt.1 Flashcards
The outermost layer of skin is known as:
What type of cells are found here?
Epidermis
- Dead cells, melanocytes, and keratin
The middle layer of skin is known as:
- What is found here?
Dermis
Sebaceous glands, oil glands
Contains macrophages
Innermost layer of skin is known as:
- What type of tissue is here?
subcutaneous layer
Fat and connective tissue
How do these skin defenses protect against infection:
- Antimicrobial peptides
- Sebaceous glands
AMP= + charge disrupts - charge of bacterial membranes
Sebaceous glands= Secretes sebum (toxic to pathogenic bacteria)
How do these skin defenses protect against infection:
- Sweat
- Lysozymes
- Sweat=low pH and high salt
- Lysozymes= break down peptidoglycan
Methicillin Resistant Staph Auereus (MRSA)
- What body system does it affect?
- What does it do/cause?
- Skin
- Hyalunronimidase digests connect tissue
- Causes lesions around hair follicles
Cellulitis
- What body system is affected?
- What area of the body is most often affected?
- What does it cause?
- Skin
- Typically affects lower leg area
- Lymphangitis: Red lines leading away from area
Myonecrosis (C. perfringens)
- How does it infect?
- Where does it grow?
- Endospores enter break in skin
- Germinate in anaerobic areas
Myonecrosis (C. perfringens)
What does the bacteria release?
What are the symptoms?
- Releases alpha toxin that ruptures RBC and destroys tissue
- Blackened necrtoci skin
What is the difference between Chicken pox/shingles and Measles?
Chicken pox: Rash on trunk, not extremeties
Measles: Rash on trunk and extremeties
Warts are classified as:
Benign tumors of epithelial cells
What natural defenses does the eye have?
- The eye is considered a ______ site:
Lysozymes and lactoferrin
- Immune privelaged= Not many immune cells
Conjunctivitis:
- What are the forms and symptoms?
- Neonatal: mother to fetus
- Bacteria: Milky discharge
- Viral: Clear discharge
- Photophobia
Trachoma from C. trachomatis
- Signs and symptoms
- Begins as mild conjunctivitis
- Develops milky pseudomembrane which leads to blindness
Keratitis (Herpesvirus)
Caused by:
Occurs when:
Causes:
- Latent herpes infection that travels to eye
- After trauma to eye
- Leading cause of blindness
Meningitis
- How to test?
- Treatment?
- Symptoms?
- Lumbar puncture for CSF
- Broad spectrum antibiotic
- White blood cells in CSF
Nisseria meningitides
- What does it cause?
- Releases:
- What are the symtpoms?
- Most severe form of meningitis
- Releases endotoxin (WBC release cytokines)
- Purple lesions called petechiae on appendages
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Disease:
Releases:
Commonly infects:
- Community-acquired meningitis
- Releases alpha-hemolysis that destroy brain cells
- Alcoholics
Coccidiodes immitis
- Causes:
- Morphology:
- Fungal meningitis
- Anthrospores inhaled into lungs;
Develop into sphereules
Viral meningitis:
Severity compared to bacterial?
How common?
- Less severe than bacterial
- Most common cause of meningitis
- Streptococcus agalactiae
- E. coli
- Cronobacter sakazakii
a) all cause what disease?
b) How do they infect?
Neonatal meningitis
- Streptococcus agalactiae
- (at birth)
- E. coli
- (at birth)
- Cronobacter sakazakii
- (Contaminated baby formula)
What is encephalitis?
Infammation of brain
- Nagleria fowleri
- Acanthamoeba
A) What condition do they cause?
B) Type of microbe?
A) Encephalitis
B) both are ameobas
Acute encephalitis
- What causes it:
- Always caused by viruses;
- Arbovirus
- Herpes
- JC virus
