Medically important RNA viruses

Question 1

What are the two types of RNA viruses?

Answer 1

1. Enveloped (SS only)
2. Non-enveloped (SS or DS)

Question 2

Influenza A, B, and C

• Target
• Main virulence factor
• Transmission

Answer 2

• Targets ciliated respiratory cells
• Glycoprotein spikes
• Aerosol droplets

Question 3

What are the two types of glycoprotein spikes of Influenza?

What do they do?

Answer 3

1. Hemagluttin= binds respiratory receptors
2. Neuramindase= destroys mucus/helps release

Question 4

Influenza

• Symptoms/diseases caused
• Treatment

Answer 4

• Destroys ciliated cells (inflammation)
• Develops viral pneumonia
• Can cause bacterial infection

Tamiflu and vaccination

Question 5

How does tamiflu work?

Answer 5

Blocks neuramindase budding

Question 6

What two methods does influenza use to mutate?

Answer 6

1. Antigenic drift= genetically changes glycoprotein spikes
2. Antigenic shift= Incorporate genes from virus that infects other species

Question 7

Parainfluenza

• Disease caused
• symptoms
• Who is most at risk?

Answer 7

• Croup
• Horse cough
• Newborns that do not get passive antibodies from mother

Question 8

Rubalovirus

• Transmitted by?
• Targets?
• Disease?

Answer 8

• Transmitted by saliva
• Targets salivary glands
• Caused mumps

Question 9

What are the symptoms of Mumps?

Treatment?

Answer 9

• Swollen salivary glands
• Live attenuated vaccine (MMR)

Question 10

Morbillivirus

Transmitted by:

Targets?

Disease?

Answer 10

• Respiratory aerosols
• Targets mucosal lining
• Causes Measles

Question 11

What are the symptoms of measles?

Treatment?

Answer 11

• Koplik’s spots in mouth
• Red rash on body

MMR vaccine given subcutaneously

Question 12

Respiratory syncitial virus

• Target?
• Were does it replicate?
• Disease?

Answer 12

• Target eye and nose epithelia
• Replicates in nasopharynx
• Causes RSV

Question 13

What are the symptoms of RSV?

Treatment?

Answer 13

Fuses respiratory cells (multinucleated cells)

Treatment=synagis

• Monocolonal antibody

Question 14

Lyssavirus

• How is it transmitted?
• How does it spread throughout body?
• Disease?

Answer 14

• Infected animal’s saliva
• Travels to brain then to salivary glands
• Rabies

Question 15

What are the three phases of rabies?

Answer 15

1. Prodromal phase (fever)
2. Furious phase ( Agitation)
3. Dumb phase (paralysis)

Question 16

What are the treatments of Rabies?

Answer 16

1. Iodine antiseptics
2. Immunglobulin injection
3. Intramuscular live attenuated vaccine

Question 17

Coronavirus

• Transmission?
• Disease?
• Signs?

Answer 17

• Droplets
• Severe acute respiratory virus
• Damage by cytokine storm

Question 18

Togavirus

• Disease?
• Signs?
• Treatment?

Answer 18

Rubella

• Rash from trunk to extremeties
• MMR vaccine

Question 19

What are the types of rubella?

Answer 19

1. Congenital rubella= Transmission to fetus
2. Postnasal rubella= Rash from trunk to extremeties

Question 20

Flavivirus

• Transmitted by:
• Disease?

Answer 20

• Contact with infected blood
• Hepatitis C

Question 21

Hepatitis C

Causes:

Treatment

Answer 21

• Chronic liver disease
• Pill that targets RNA replication