(+) RNA Viruses

Question 1

Naked picornavirus, transmitted through fecal-oral route, presents with acute disease that rarely may be severe but has no chronic phase, notorious for outbreaks in restaurants

Answer 1

Hepatitis A

Question 2

Enveloped flavivirus, transmitted parenterally or sexually, subclinical acute phase with the majority infected moving to chronic phase, increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis

Answer 2

Hepatitis C

Question 3

Naked hepevirus, transmitted through fecal-oral route, causes severe acute disease in pregnant patients with 25% mortality, no chronic phase

Answer 3

Hepatitis E

Question 4

Naked icosahedral picornavirus, fecal-oral transmission but do not cause gastroenteritis, acid stable

Answer 4

Enteroviruses (polio, coxsackie, echovirus)

Question 5

Naked icosahedral picornavirus, acid labile, grows at 33C, over 100 serotypes, most common cause of the common cold in summer and fall

Answer 5

Rhinovirus

Question 6

This virus targets the anterior horn motor neurons and can cause flaccid asymmetric paralysis. A live (Sabin) and killed (Salk) vaccine is available, and in the U.S. we use the Salk

Answer 6

Polio

Question 7

All enteroviruses (polio, coxsackie, echovirus) can cause this disease

Answer 7

Aseptic meningitis

Question 8

This virus causes hand, foot and mouth disease or herpangina

Answer 8

Coxsackie A

Question 9

This virus causes a presentation of heart attack in a young child (Bornholm disease/devil’s grip). Also a significant cause of myocarditis.

Answer 9

Coxsackie B

Question 10

Naked icosahedral virus transmitted by fecal oral route that is famous for causing nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea on cruise ships

Answer 10

Norwalk virus

Question 11

Name the viruses in the flaviviridae family and their characteristics

Answer 11

St. Louis Encephalitis, West Nile, Dengue, Yellow Fever

all enveloped arboviruses

Question 12

Which flavivirus has an available vaccine?

Answer 12

Yellow fever virus. All others are prevented with vector control.

Question 13

Flavivirus with a human or monkey host that causes break bone fever or hemorrhagic shock

Answer 13

Dengue

Question 14

Flavivirus with mosquito vector and bird host that causes encephalitis

Answer 14

St. Louis Encephalitis - Southern States

West Nile - All over U.S.

Question 15

Name the togaviridae and their characteristics

Answer 15

Arboviruses: Eastern equine encaphalitis, Western equine encephalitis, Venezuelan equine encephalitis

rubella

all enveloped icosahedral

Question 16

Which togaviridae have available vaccines?

Answer 16

EEE and WEE (killed)

Rubella (live attenuated)

Question 17

Baby with cataracts, heart issues, microcephaly and deafness. More serious if acquired during the first 16 weeks of gestation. Which congenital infection is this?

Answer 17

Rubella (cataracts are key)

Question 18

This virus causes a disease known as German measles, which consists of a macular rash that begins on the foreheads and progresses to torso and sickness lasts for about 3 days

Answer 18

Rubella

Question 19

Enveloped helical virus with hemagglutinin molecules on surface, second most common cause of common cold with peak incidence in winter and spring

Answer 19

Coronavirus

Question 20

Atypical pneumonia with fever, flu-like illness, dry cough, dyspnea, progressive hypoxia, recent travel to Far East or Toronto

Answer 20

Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)

Question 21

These are enveloped viruses that use virion-associated reverse transcriptase and dsDNA as a template for replication

Answer 21

Retroviridae - Human T-cell leukemia virus and human immunodeficiency virus

Question 22

Which protein on HIV acts as attachment by binding to CCR5 (macrophages) and CXCR4 (T cells)? Which causes viral fusion?

Answer 22

gp120 - attachment

gp41 - fusion

Question 23

What is the name of the gene that is necessary for the progression of HIV infection to AIDS?

Answer 23

Nef

Question 24

What mutation will make an individual immune to HIV infection?

Answer 24

Homozygous CCR5 mutation (virus can’t attach)

Question 25

What is the first antigen/antibody that can be detected in the serum upon HIV infection?

Answer 25

p24

Question 26

What tests are used for screening, confirmation, and determination of viral load in HIV?

Answer 26

Screening - ELISA
Confirmation - Western blot
Viral load - PCR

Question 27

What cytokine is responsible for the wasting syndrome due to HIV?

Answer 27

TNF-alpha