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Microbiology Rapid Review > DNA Viruses > Flashcards

DNA Viruses Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Enveloped hepadnavirus, common cause of acute viral hepatitis, becomes chronic in 10% adults, transmission to 90% infants, increases risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis

A

Hepatitis B Virus

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2
Q

Hepatitis D is a defective RNA virus. Which part of HBV does it seek out to become pathogenic?

A

HBsAg

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3
Q

What are the first antibodies to appear in an acute Hepatitis B infection?

A

HBcAb. Positive during window phase; if HbcAb IgM is present, this indicates a recent disease

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4
Q

Which antigen indicates transmissibility of HBV infection and determines active state in chronic hepatitis?

A

HBeAg

  • if HBeAb is instead present, this indicates that the infection is chronic but not active
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5
Q

If HBsAb is present, what phase is the patient in?

A

Either immunized or has a history of a prior infection (HBeAb and HBcAB IgG will also be present in case of prior infection)

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6
Q

ssDNA, naked icosahedral parvovirus, erythema infectiosum, causes flu-like symptoms with facial rash and sometimes arthralgias due to a Type III hypersensitivity (immune complex deposition), no vaccine available

A

B19

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7
Q

How does B19 infect and in which patients can this be a serious issue?

A

Infects immature erythroid progenitor cells, which results in cell lysis. Usually asymptomatic but in patients with sickle cell, can cause aplastic crisis.

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8
Q

dsDNA, naked icosahedral, many serotypes, infects basal layer of skin and mucous membranes and causes a hyperkeratosis, associated with warts and condylomata acuminata, some serotypes are premalignant (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia)

A

Human papilloma virus

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9
Q

koilocytic cells on Pap smear

A

Human papilloma virus
Serotypes 6 and 11 = benign, more common
Serotypes 16, 18, 31, 35 are preneoplastic; genes E6 and E7 inhibits p53 and Rb

Gardasil recombinant vaccine covers 6, 11, 16, 18

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10
Q

Polyomavirus, causes renal disease in AIDS patients

A

BK Virus

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11
Q

Polyomavirus, infects oligodendrocytes and causes demyelination, causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in AIDS or transplant patients

A

JC Virus

Also on differential: subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, prions

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12
Q

dsDNA, nonenveloped, many serotypes, penton fibers act as hemagglutinin and are also directly toxic to cells, virus is lytic in permissive cells and can be transformative/oncogenic in nonpermissive cells, causes pneumonia in military, pharyngoconjunctivitis in kids at swimming pools

A

Adenovirus

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13
Q

10 yo boy presents with painful urinating and blood in urine. He has no other symptoms and does not have a history of a recent illness.

A

Acute hemorrhagic cystitis, caused by adenovirus. Differentiate from Post-strep glomerulonephritis which is much more serious

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14
Q

What kind of vaccine is available for adenovirus?

A

Enteric coated live, nonattenuated vaccine used in the military

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15
Q

dsDNA, enveloped icosahedral, contains intranuclear inclusion bodies, establishes latency in nerves

A

Herpesviridae (HSV 1 and 2, VZV, EBV, CMV, HHV6, HHV8)

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16
Q

Cause of gingivostomatitis, cold sores, keratoconjunctivitis

A

HSV1, establishes latency in trigeminal ganglion

17
Q

Fever, headache, confusion, focal temporal lesions, perivascular cuffing, high mortality rate if untreated, leading cause of viral encephalitis in US

A

HSV1

18
Q

Cause of genital infections, severe neonatal infection during passage through birth canal

A

HSV2, establishes latency in sacral ganglion

19
Q

Diagnosis of herpes genital infections?

A

Tzank smear to show multinucleated giant cells and Cowdry Type A intranuclear inclusions

20
Q

Causative agent chickenpox and shingles, dewdrops on rose petals, latency in dorsal root ganglion, live attenuated vaccine available with boosters, diagnose with Tzanck smear

A

Varicella Zoster Virus

21
Q

How can you differentiate a chickenpox rash from a smallpox rash?

A

Chickenpox: asynchronous (macules, vesicles, and scabs will all be present at same time)

Smallpox: synchronous (rash will be in same stage)

22
Q

Latent infection of B cells by binding to CD21 and produces atypical reactive T cells (known as Downey Type II cells)

A

Epstein-Barr Virus

23
Q

Malignancies associated with EBV

A

Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc), nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Hodgkin lymphoma

24
Q

Diagnosis of EBV

A

heterophile antibody positive (IgM), serology (EBNA associated with transformed cells)

25
Q

Two presentations of EBV infection in immunocompromised patients

A

lymphoproliferative disease, hairy oral leukoplakia

26
Q

Most common in utero infection in the US

A

Cytomegalovirus

27
Q

Infection of salivary gland epithelial cells and establishment of an infection in fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and macrophages which becomes latent in mononuclear cells

A

CMV

28
Q

Cause of heterophile negative mononucleosis, blueberry muffin baby in utero, or intersitial pneumonitis/retinitis in AIDS patients

A

CMV

29
Q

Owl eye inclusion bodies

A

CMV

30
Q

Child has extremely high fever (high enough to induce seizures) for 3-5 days which resolves and is followed by a lacy body rash

A

Roseola, caused by HHV6

31
Q

Causes sarcoma in AIDS patients by turning on VEGF

A

Kaposi sarcoma

32
Q

Large dsDNA, enveloped, replicates in cytoplasm, potential for biowarfare, 1 serotype, transmitted via inhalation, disease consists of prodrome followed by synchronous rash

A

Variola/Smallpox

The single serotype has allowed for 100% eradication (still potential for biowarfare agent, especially since we have stopped vaccinating)

33
Q

Virus used for smallpox vaccine

A

Vaccinia

34
Q

Intracytoplasmic assembly of smallpox virus in cytoplasm

A

Guarnieri bodies

35
Q

Member of poxviridae, transmitted by direct contact or fomites, replicates in dermis, disease in young adults of benign wart like umbilicated tumors that are self limiting in immune competant individual

A

Molluscum contagiosum

Microbiology Rapid Review (10 decks)

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