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Microbiology Rapid Review > Gram (+) Cocci > Flashcards

Gram (+) Cocci Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Catalase positive, coagulase positive, beta hemolytic, ferments mannitol, yellow colonies

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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2
Q

Catalase positive, coagulase negative, gamma hemolytic, novobiocin sensitive

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

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3
Q

Catalase positive, coagulase negative, gamma hemolytic, novobiocin resistant

A

Staphylococcus saphrophyticus

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4
Q

Catalase negative, coagulase negative, beta hemolytic, bacitracin sensitive, PYR+

A

Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A)

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5
Q

Catalase negative, coagulase negative, beta hemolytic, bacitracin resistant, CAMP+

A

Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B)

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6
Q

Catalase negative, coagulase negative, alpha hemolytic, optochin sensitive

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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7
Q

Catalase negative, coagulase negative, alpha hemolytic, optochin resistant

A

Streptococcus viridans

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8
Q

Catalase negative, coagulase negative, alpha/beta/gamma hemolytic, PYR+, esculin agar

A

Enterococcus (Group D Streptococcus)

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9
Q

Catalase positive, gamma hemolytic, associated with endocarditis in IV drug users or catheter infections

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

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10
Q

Catalase positive, gamma hemolytic, associated with UTIs in sexually active females

A

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

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11
Q

What are the virulence factors of S. aureus?

A
  • TSST-1 toxin - superantigen that overactivates immune system
  • Enterotoxin - fast acting and heat stabile
  • Exfolatin - skin exfoliating
  • Protein A binds Fc of IgG, inhibiting phagocytosis
  • coagulase - keeps infection local
  • cytolytic alpha toxin forms pores
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12
Q

Patient presents with fever, hypotension, sunburn like rash on palms and soles that progresses to multiorgan failure and death

A

Toxic shock syndrome - vignette will hopefully mention something about recent menses or packed wounds

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13
Q

What color is the sputum in S. aureus pneumonia?

A

Salmon colored

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14
Q

Most common cause of osteomyelitis in previously healthy patient?

A

S. aureus

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15
Q

What is the best way to differentiate between Staphylococcus and Streptococcus?

A

Catalase test. Gram stain is insufficient to tell the difference (even though Staph is clusters and Strep is chains) because the chains can group together to look like clusters.

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16
Q

Skin infection with honey crusted lesions

A

Impetigo - could be S. aureus or S. pyogenes (Group A). Differentiate with catalase test.

17
Q

What is the most common cause of adult meningitis, otitis media/sinusitis in children, and community acquired pneumonia?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

18
Q

What is the major virulence factor of S. pneumoniae? Name some VFs.

A
  • major is polysaccharide capsule (test with Quellung or latex particle agglutination and asplenia predisposes to infection)
  • IgA protease
  • teichoic acid
  • Pneumolysin O: a hemolysin/cytolysin that damages respiratory epithelium
19
Q

Has an antiphagocytic M protein that differentiates strains - M12 is associated with acute glomerulonephritis

A

Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A)

20
Q

These factors make Streptococcus pyogenes good at spreading

A

Streptokinase, Streptococcal DNAse, Hyaluronidase, Exotoxins A-C (phage coded superantigen and causes fever/rash)

21
Q

Leading cause of neonatal meningitis

A

Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B)

22
Q

Abrupt onset of sore throat, fever, malaise and headache followed by a blanchable “sandpaper” rash and strawberry tongue with nausea and vomiting

A

Pharyngitis then scarlet fever, caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A)

23
Q

Two sequelae of Group A Strep infections and their mechanisms

A

1) Rheumatic fever - Abs to heart tissue 2 weeks post pharyngitis, Type II HSN
2) Acute glomerulonephritis - M12, immune complexes on glomeruli with pulmonary edema, hypertension, smoky urine, Type III HSN

24
Q

Antibodies to streptolysin O titer > 200

A

Rheumatic fever (Group A Strep)

25
Q

Pathogenesis factors of Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B)

A

capsule, beta hemolysin, CAMP factor

26
Q

Treatment of pregnant mother that tests positive for Group B Strep

A

prophylactic ampicillin, clindamycin, or erythromycin during delivery

27
Q

Virulence factors of Viridans streptococci (S. mutans, S. sanguinis)

A

Dextran biofilm! Mediates adherence to tooth enamel or damaged heart valve, causing dental caries or infective endocarditis

28
Q

Catheter-associated UTI with G+ cocci in chains, resistant to treatment even after vancomycin

A

VRE - Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium/faecalis (terminal D-ala-D-ala replaced with D-ala-D-lac)

Microbiology Rapid Review (10 decks)

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