RNA synthesis

Question 1

sugar in RNA

Answer 1

ribose

Question 2

in contrast to DNA, RNA contains a

Answer 2

hydroxyl on C2

Question 3

bases of RNA

Answer 3

adenine, cytosine, guanine, uracil

Question 4

transcribes rRNA, which is nucleolar

Answer 4

RNA pol I

Question 5

transcribes pre m-RNA

Answer 5

RNA pol II

Question 6

transcribes tRNA, 5s rRNA

Answer 6

RNA pol III

Question 7

intermediate susceptible to alpha-amanitin

Answer 7

RNA pol III

Question 8

alpha-amantin resistant

Answer 8

RNA pol I

Question 9

alpha-amantin sensitive

Answer 9

RNA pol II

Question 10

eukaryotic ribosome somposed of a large _____ subunit and a small _____ subunit

Answer 10

large 60s and small 40s

Question 11

large subunit composed of

Answer 11

5s, 5.8s, and 28 s rRNA

Question 12

small subunit composed of

Answer 12

18s rRNA

Question 13

regions of DNA that facilitattes increased accuracy and rate of transcription

Answer 13

promoters

Question 14

located immediately upstream of gene

Answer 14

promoters

Question 15

forms a longer precursor that is cleaved to 18s, 5.8s and 28s rRNA

Answer 15

RNA pol I

Question 16

DNA pol I requires protein factors _______ and ______ initiate transcription

Answer 16

DNA pol I requires B and S factors

Question 17

catalyzes the formation of 5s rRNA

Answer 17

RNA pol III

Question 18

____ and ____ facilitate binding of ______ which recruits _____ to initiate transcription

Answer 18

TFIIIA and TFIIIC facilitate binding of TFIIIB to recruit RNA pol III

Question 19

synthesizes mRNA

Answer 19

RNA pol II

Question 20

regions of DNA that upregulate transcription

Answer 20

enhancers

Question 21

______ can exert their effect over _____ distances as a DNA strand can bend to bring two separated sequences close together

Answer 21

enhancers can exert over long distances

Question 22

true or false: enhancers regions can be located upstream, downstream or within the region to exert influence

Answer 22

true

Question 23

commonly found in the promoter region to initiate transcription and will bind basal transcription protein factors

Answer 23

TATA sequence

Question 24

binds to the TATA binding protein subunit

Answer 24

TFIID

Question 25

_____ binds to TFIID

Answer 25

TFIIB

Question 26

recruits RNA pol II

Answer 26

TFIIB

Question 27

once RNA pol II binds ____, ___, ___, are recruited

Answer 27

TFIIE, TFIIF, TFIIH

Question 28

has protein kinase activity leading to RNA pol II phosphorylation which initiates transcription

Answer 28

TFIIH

Question 29

true or false: transcription factors are not needed to initiate transcription

Answer 29

false, required!!!

Question 30

(3) processing steps in mRNA formation before cytoplasm

Answer 30

(1) capping (2) polyadenylation (3) splicing

Question 31

capping

Answer 31

invovles the addition of 7-methylguanosine (5-5 triphosphate linkage)

Question 32

decreases the rate of degradation as well as being important for translation to the protein sequence

Answer 32

capping

Question 33

polyadenylation

Answer 33

occurs a RNA pol II passes the polyadenylation signal

Question 34

polyadenylation signal

Answer 34

AAUAA

Question 35

RNA ____ continues until it reaches a ______ signal that may be many nucelotides downstream but a factor known as cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor, ____, binds at the polyadenylation signal and forms a complex which cleaves approx. ___-___ nucleotides downstream forming a new ___ end

Answer 35

RNA pol continues until it reaches a termination signal that may be many nucleotides downstream but a factor known as cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor, CPSF, binds at the polyadenylation signal and forms a complex which cleaves approx. 10-30 nucleotides downstream forming a new 3'end

Question 36

recruits poly A polymerase, PAP which adds approx. 250 adenylate resides

Answer 36

CPSF

Question 37

invovles removal of introns to from mature mrNA

Answer 37

splicing

Question 38

5'GU...A...AG3'

Answer 38

introns

Question 39

part of the primary transcript that is expressed as mature, functional mRNA

Answer 39

exons

Question 40

splicing begins with _____ of the precursor mRNA at the ______ ______. The 5' GU of the intron binds the downstream ______ forming a ______. Cleavage at the ______ ____ occurs releasing the ______. _______ attack of the 5' exon brings the two exons together.

Answer 40

Splicing begins with cleavage of the precursor mRNA at the 5- exon-intron junction. The 5' GY of the intron binds the downstream adenosine forming a lariat. Cleavage at the 3'intron-exon junction occurs releasing the lariat. Nucleophilic attack of the 5' exon brings the two exons together.

Question 41

splicing is carried out by

Answer 41

spliceosomes

Question 42

composed of small nuclear RNAs

Answer 42

spliceosomes

Question 43

recognize various elements such as GU and AG in the introns

Answer 43

snRNA

Question 44

hereditary abnormalities of hemoglobin production in which the primary difficulty is a quantitative deficiency of either Beta-globin or alpha-globin

Answer 44

Thalassemia

Question 45

approx. a quarter of all mutations are associated with faulty ____

Answer 45

RNA splicing

Question 46

refers to the fact a single pre-mRNA species can be spliced in many ways leading to many different mature mRNA

Answer 46

alternative splicing

Question 47

many genes, ___%, are expressed by alternative pathways of rNA splicing depending on ___ ___ or ___ ___

Answer 47

35%, depending on cell type and growth state

Question 48

commonly used pharmacologically to inhibit microbial growth

Answer 48

inhibitors of transcription

Question 49

blocks initiation of bacterial RNA synthesis

Answer 49

Rifampicin

Question 50

binds to double helical DNA and prevents it from being used as a template for RNA synthesis

Answer 50

Actinomycin D

Question 51

mRNA can be used to form

Answer 51

cDNA

Question 52

reverse transcribes from mature mRNA and will not contain the introns that were sliced out

Answer 52

cDNA

Question 53

_____ can be used as a primer to initiate _______ from the poly-A tails of the mRNA

Answer 53

PolyT can be used to initiate transcription

Question 54

can be used to remove the RNA portion

Answer 54

Alkali

Question 55

in reverse transcription, a ______ is then used to generate the double stranded DNA. It is ______ into a DNA vector containing a gene to confer ______ ____. Transformation of the ____ ___ refers to the successful introduction of the DNA in the bacterium. (TRANSFORMATION)

Answer 55

In reverse transcription, a polymerase is then used to generate the double stranded DNA. It is ligated into a DNA vector containing a gene to confer antibacterial resistance. Transformation of the recombinant DNA refers to the successful introduction of the DNA in the bacterium