RNA structure and function

Question 1

What makes ribonucleic acid different from deoxyribonucleic acid?

Answer 1

Ribonucleic acid has an -OH group at the second carbon on the ring

Question 2

There is an A form and a B form of helix. Which refers to DNA and RNA respectively?

Answer 2

B form: DNA

A form: RNA

Question 3

Describe the major and minor grooves on RNA respective to DNA

Answer 3

RNA has a much narrower and deeper major groove, and a shallower minor groove compared to DNA

Question 4

Define group 1 of self-splicing introns

Answer 4

A group of self-splicing introns that release a linear form of the excised sequence

Question 5

Define group 2 of self-splicing introns

Answer 5

A group of self-splicing introns that release a lariat form of the excised sequence

Question 6

What is the characteristic structure of Type 1 self-splicing introns?

Answer 6

Secondary structure has 9 helices

Question 7

What structure allows for self-cleaving of RNA?

Answer 7

hammerhead structure

Question 8

If we provide excess substrate to an RNA enzyme strand, what is the observed cycle

Answer 8

1. Paring
2. Cleavage
3. Unpairing

Question 9

Define 6-methyl adenosine

Answer 9

Located in the last exon and near to stop codon, or bound to sites for microRNAs . It is associated with the degradation of mRNAs

Question 10

What polymerase is responsible for the production of ribosomal RNA?

Answer 10

RNA polymerase 1

Question 11

Which portions of the RNA polymerase 1 are all created from the same strand?

Answer 11

18s (small part), 5.8s and 28s (large part)

Question 12

What is the one part of the RNA polymerase 1 that is not part of the one strand?

Answer 12

5s

Question 13

What is the role of guide RNA in the context of ribosomal RNA?

Answer 13

position themselves on the rRNA to attract enzymes that modify RNA

Question 14

Guide RNA in the context of rRNA belong to what family?

Answer 14

small nucleolar RNAs