DNA replication: Repair Flashcards

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1
Q

A large protein complex forms at the origin of replication. One of the these initiator proteins is the product of what gene?

A

adnA gene

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2
Q

How many replication units are present in genomes?

A

20-80

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3
Q

What is an ARS?

A

Autonomous Replicating Sequence. Contains all elements necessary for replication. It includes the sequence required to bind the origin recognition complex

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4
Q

What is the ORC?

A

Origin recognition complex. Binds to chromosome most of the cell cycle

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5
Q

After the telomerase adds extra nucleotides to the end of the strand, what polymerase synthesizes the strand?

A

alpha

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6
Q

Define Depurination

A

Cleavage of the bond between the purines and the sugar

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7
Q

Define deamination

A

Loss of an amine turns a cytosine into uracil

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8
Q

What is thymine dimers?

A

A mutation where two adjacent thymines stick together. Caused by the sun

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9
Q

what enzyme excises misplaced base

A

specific base glycosylase

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10
Q

What excises the sugar-phosphate backbone of a misplaced nucleotides

A

endonuclease and phosphodiesterase

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11
Q

Define base excision repair

A

One misplaced nucleotide is excised and replaced by DNA polymerase, followed by ligation

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12
Q

Define nonhomologous end joining

A

When dsDNA is broken, its joined back together, with the loss of several nucleotides

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13
Q

Define homologous recombination

A

Use of sister chromatid as template to repair missing section caused by break

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14
Q

What is the importance of the H2AX histone variant

A

Is able to quickly spread across DNA after a break has occurred, attracting repair machinery and slowing transcription of genes.

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15
Q

What are the two types of double stranded break repair?

A

non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination

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