RM - everything

Question 1

Types of Experiments: Definitions (LAB)

Answer 1

• high level of control over variables (DV/IV)
• using standardised procedures
• Manipulation of IV

Question 2

Types of Experiments: Eval good (LAB)

Answer 2

• cause / effect established
• high internal validity
• easily replicated / can be reliable

Question 3

Types of Experiments: Eval Bad (LAB)

Answer 3

• no ecological validity / lower external validity
• lack mundane realism
• Demand characteristics - pps know

Question 4

Types of Experiments: Definitions (FIELD)

Answer 4

• less artificial environment
• natural behaviour
• IV changed

Question 5

Types of Experiments: Eval Good (FIELD)

Answer 5

• pps act normal / higher ecological validity
• more mundane realism
• less DC

Question 6

Types of Experiments: Eval Bad (FIELD)

Answer 6

• EV may influence / confound DV data
• cannot randomly allocate - pps variables (indi diff)

Question 7

Types of Experiments: Definitions (Natural)

Answer 7

• naturally occurring change of IV with DV measured
• other variables cannot be controlled

Question 8

Types of Experiments: Eval Good (Natural)

Answer 8

• research avoiding ethical issues
• no DC - high external validity

Question 9

Types of Experiments: Eval Bad (Natural)

Answer 9

• many EV / no cause and effect
• no replication / cannot make reliable.

Question 10

Types of Experiments: Definitions (Quasi)

Answer 10

• no allocation of IV measurement
• IV = innate to pps / gender / age

Question 11

Types of Experiments: Eval Good (Quasi)

Answer 11

only way of studying innate characteristics

Question 12

Types of Experiments: Eval Bad (Quasi)

Answer 12

• may be other variables contributing to effect on DV = confounding

Question 13

what are the 4 types of experiments

Answer 13

• Lab
• Field
• Natural
• Quasi

Question 14

What are the types of observation

Answer 14

• naturalistic / controlled
• participant / non- participant
• covert / overt

Question 15

observation definition

Answer 15

non experimental research - record behaviours - no manipulation of IV

Question 16

Observation: Definition (Controlled)

Answer 16

environment controlled - pps same experience

Question 17

Observation: Eval Good (Controlled)

Answer 17

• control limits EV
• standardised = reliable

Question 18

Observation: Eval Bad (Controlled)

Answer 18

• contrived environment = less external validity

Question 19

Observation: Definition (Naturalistic)

Answer 19

• real environment observation

Question 20

Observation: Eval Good (Naturalistic)

Answer 20

• higher external validity
• more generalisable

Question 21

Observation: Eval Bad (Naturalistic)

Answer 21

• EV = lower internal validity

Question 22

Observation: Definitions (Overt)

Answer 22

• pps aware of observation

Question 23

Observation: Eval Good (Overt)

Answer 23

• Ethical / informed consent

Question 24

Observation: Eval Bad (Overt)

Answer 24

• DC / social desirability bias

Question 25

Observation: Definition (Covert)

Answer 25

• pps not aware

Question 26

Observation: Eval Good (Covert)

Answer 26

• No DC / SDB
• higher external validity

Question 27

Observation: Eval Bad (Covert)

Answer 27

• Ethical issues

Question 28

Observation: Definition (Participant)

Answer 28

• researcher = present within observed group

Question 29

Observation: Eval Good (Participant)

Answer 29

• rapport built = more disclosure

Question 30

Observation: Eval Bad (Participant)

Answer 30

• less objective = skewed interpretation

Question 31

Observation: Definition (Non-Participant)

Answer 31

• researcher = separate from group

Question 32

Observation: Eval Good (Non-Participant)

Answer 32

• more objective

Question 33

Observation: Eval Bad (Non-Participant)

Answer 33

• less rapport / less disclosure

Question 34

Observational design: Definition

Answer 34

• choice of how and what behaviours are measured

Question 35

Observational design: Operationalisation

Answer 35

• behavioural categorisation

Question 36

Observational Design: definition
(Time Sampling)

Answer 36

• records all relevant behaviour
• at set points / intervals

Question 37

Observational Design: Eval Good
(Time Sampling)

Answer 37

• finds consistent behaviours

Question 38

Observational Design: Eval Bad
(Time Sampling)

Answer 38

• misses behaviours not in set times

Question 39

Observational Design: Definition
(Event sampling)

Answer 39

• records everything that happens

Question 40

Observational Design: Eval Good
(Event sampling)

Answer 40

• most behaviours will be recorded - as long as it’s operationalised

Question 41

Observational Design: Eval Bad
(Event sampling)

Answer 41

• misses non operationalised behaviour

Question 42

Observations - Assessing Reliability: issues with bias

Answer 42

researchers == subjective interpretation of behaviours

Question 43

Observations - Assessing Reliability: inter-rater reliability

Answer 43

• 2 / more observers
• conducted separately / same conditions / test correlation for similarity (0.8) = good

Question 44

what are the types of Self-Report techniques

Answer 44

• questionnaires
• interviews
  structured / unstructured