RLE: Nose & Sinuses, Mouth & Oropharynx Flashcards
Nose is composed of ??? and ???, and is lined with ???
bone and cartilage;
mucous membrane
The external nose consists of a ???(upper portion), ???, and two oval openings called ???.
bridge;
tip;
nares
The nasal cavity is located between the ???
roof of the mouth and the cranium
nasal cavity extends from the anterior nares (nostrils) to the posterior nares, which open into the ???.
nasopharynx
separates the cavity into two halves.
nasal septum
The front of the nasal septum contains a rich supply of blood vessels and is known as
This is a common site for nasal bleeding
Kiesselbach’s area
Four pairs of paranasal sinuses (???) are located in the skull.
frontal,
maxillary,
ethmoidal,
sphenoidal
air-filled chambers during speech
paranasal sinuses
paranasal sinuses are also lined with ??? that traps debris and propels it toward the outside
ciliated mucous membrane
are often a primary site of infection because they can easily become blocked.
sinuses
sinuses that are accessible to examination by the nurse
frontal sinuses(above the eyes)
maxillary sinuses (in the upper jaw)
The ??? and ??? sinuses are smaller, located deeper in the skull, and are not accessible for examination.
ethmoidal and sphenoidal
Cavities decrease the weight of the skull and act as ???
resonance
Two chambers divided by the septum.
External nostrils
Made up mainly of cartilage and bone and covered by mucous membranes. The cartilage also gives shape and support to the outer part of the nose.
Septum
Passages that are lined with mucous membranes and tiny hairs (cilia) that help to filter the air.
Nasal passages
Four pairs of air-filled cavities, also lined with mucous membranes.
Sinuses
are cavities, or air-filled pockets, near the nasal passage. As in the nasal passage, these are lined with mucous membranes.
sinuses
This sinus is located inside the face, around the area of the bridge of the nose. It is present at birth, and continues to grow.
Ethmoid sinus
This sinus is located inside the face, around the area of the cheeks. It is also present at birth, and continues to grow.
Maxillary sinus
This sinus is located inside the face, in the area of the forehead. It does not develop until around 7 years of age.
Frontal sinus
This sinus is located deep in the face, behind the nose. It does not typically develop until the teen years.
Sphenoid sinus
located behind the mouth and nose, serves as a muscular passage for food and air.
throat (pharynx)
3 pharynx from uppermost
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
(4)
connect behind the tongue to form arches
The soft palate, anterior and posterior pillars, and uvula
Masses of lymphoid tissue referred to as the ??? are located on both sides of the oropharynx at the end of the soft palate between the anterior and posterior pillars.
palatine tonsils
tonsils that lie at the base of the tongue
lingual
or adenoids, are found high in the nasopharynx.
Pharyngeal tonsils
Because tonsils are masses of lymphoid tissue, they help protect against ???
infection
checked before a stroke patient can go back to normal diet from NGT
gag reflex
“bad breath”
halitosis
An invisible soft film of bacteria, saliva, epithelial cells and leukocytes that adhere to the enamel surface of the teeth.
Plaque
A visible, hard deposit of plaque and bacteria that forms at the gum lines.
Tartar
Glossitis
Inflammation of the tongue.
Gingivitis
Inflammation of the gums
Inflammation and dryness of oral mucosa.
Stomatitis
Inflammation of the parotid salivary glands (mumps).
Parotitis
Accumulation of foul matter (food, microorganisms, and epithelial elements) on the gums and teeth.
Sordes
Gums appear spongy and bleeding (???).
pyorrhea;
Periodontal disease
If you’re noticing some issues with your teeth and gums, you might have to get some ???. This is a painless process however you should do everything you can to avoid having to have a dental procedure.
dental implants
Cracking of the lips.
Cheilosis
Teeth have darkened area, may be painful (cavities).
Dental Caries
fissures, crusts, or scales on lips
may result from
excessive moisture, nutritional deficiency, or fluid deficit
leukoplakia
(white patches)
normal adult teeth count
32
tongue Deviated from center (may indicate damage to ???)
hypoglossal [12th cranial] nerve
Smooth red tongue (may indicate (3) deficiency)
iron, vitamin B12, or vitamin B2
Dry, furry tongue is associated with ???
fluid deficit
white coating may be ???
oral yeast infection
bony growths growing from the hard palate
Exostoses
uvula deviation to one side from ??? or ???; immobility (may indicate damage to which Cranial Nerves?
tumor or trauma;
trigeminal [5th cranial] nerve or vagus [10th cranial] nerve)
The tonsils are behind the tonsillar pillars (the soft structures supporting the soft palate)
grade 1 tonsils
The tonsils are between the pillars and the uvula
Grade 2 tonsils
The tonsils touch the uvula
Grade 3 tonsils
One or both tonsils extend to midline of the oropharynx
Grade 4 tonsils
Tenderness on external nose: May suggest (3)
trauma, infection (e.g., sinusitis), or inflammation
Displacement of Bone or Cartilage: May result from ???, such as a nasal fracture or deviated septum.
trauma
Client cannot sniff through a nostril that is not occluded, nor can he or she sniff or blow air through the nostrils.
may be a sign of ???
swelling, rhinitis, or a foreign object obstructing the nostrils.
A deviated septum may appear to be an ???. This is a normal finding as long as breathing is not obstructed.
overgrowth of tissue
are dark pink (redder than oral mucosa)
Turbinate, aka nasal concha
Nasal mucosa is swollen and pale pink or bluish gray in clients with ???
allergies
Nasal mucosa is red and swollen with ???
upper respiratory infection
Exudate is common with ??? and may range from large amounts of watery discharge yellow-green, purulent discharge.
infection
Purulent nasal discharge is seen with ???
acute bacterial rhinosinusitis
Bleeding (???) or crusting may be noted on the lower anterior part of the nasal septum with local irritation.
epistaxis
??? or ??? may be seen with use of cocaine, trauma, chronic infection, or chronic nose picking.
Ulcers of the nasal mucosa or a perforated septum
Small, pale, round, firm overgrowths or masses on mucosa (???) are seen in clients with ???.
polyps;
chronic allergies
Frontal or maxillary sinuses are tender to palpation in clients with ??? or ???
allergies or acute bacterial rhinosinusitis.
If the client has a large amount of exudate, you may feel ??? upon palpation over the maxillary sinuses.
crepitus
