Rivers etc. Flashcards

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1
Q

In which erosional landform does differential erosion occur?

A

Headlands and Bays

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2
Q

A meander is…

A

curves in the middle-lower course of a river

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3
Q

What processes occurs on the outside of a bend and why?

A

-erosion and deposition
-caused by the fastest flowing water hitting it

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4
Q

What processes occurs on the inside of a bend and why?

A

-Deposition
-occurs on the inside of the bend due to the water being forced to slow down

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5
Q

Why does the neck of a meander eventually break through?

A

Floodwaters cause the neck of the meander to break through
as the force of the water erodes the neck
and creates a new, straighter channel

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6
Q

A floodplain is…

A

a generally flat area of land next to a river or stream

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7
Q

What makes the floodplain wider?

A

when there is a significant amount of meander migration

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8
Q

What is an estuary

A

Where the River Meets the Sea

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9
Q

What often forms in estuaries

A

brackish water

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10
Q

What is a storm hydrograph

A

a graph on which river discharge (y-axis) is plotted against time (x- axis)

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11
Q

What is river discharge?

A

the volume of water flowing through a river channel; measured at any given point in cubic metres per second

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12
Q

Give the name for the time between the peak rainfall and peak discharge

A

Lag time - the time taken between peak rainfall and peak discharge.

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13
Q

If there is a short lag time what does this mean?

A

water is reaching the river quickly, so there is a greater chance of a flood

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14
Q

If there is a steep rising limb what does this mean?

A

the more likely a flood is to occur

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15
Q

Identify one physical factor that increases the risk of flooding.

A

steep slopes

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16
Q

Identify one human factor that increases the risk of flooding.

A

Constructing buildings and surrounding roads and paths

17
Q

Identify one physical factor that reduces the risk of flooding.

A

physical barriers such as levees or seawalls