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Elizabethan Era > Rivalry, War And The Spanish Armada > Flashcards

Rivalry, War And The Spanish Armada Flashcards

1
Q

Over how many ships sank off different parts of the west coast of NI?

A

40

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2
Q

What was the land in South America generally called?

A

The New World

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3
Q

In what year did Philip II also become ‘King of Portugal’?

A

1580

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4
Q

In what year did Protestants in the Netherlands rebel?

A

1572

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5
Q

Who specifically was supportive of helping the Dutch rebels?

A

Earl of Leicester

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6
Q

Why did Elizabeth decide to help the Dutch?

A

It would help keep Spain occupied

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7
Q

What 3 things did Elizabeth do to help the Dutch?

A
  • Sent an army of 7000
  • Sent money
  • Used Brill and Flushing as bases for English soldiers
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8
Q

In 1578 who arrived with a larger Spanish army?

A

Duke of Parma

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9
Q

What treaty was formed in August 1585?

A

Treaty of Nonsuch

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10
Q

What did Leicester feel about the money and equipment provided for the Dutch, which made him quarrel with his officers?

A

He felt that it was not enough

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11
Q

What title did Leicester accept, which made Elizabeth furious?

A

Governor General of the Low Countries

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12
Q

Why was Elizabeth furious about the acceptance of this title?

A

She believed it would enrage Spain even more, because it implied England wanted control over the Netherlands

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13
Q

What did Elizabeth do to strengthen coastal defences in the 3 years between 1585 and 1588? (3)

A
  • Set up warning beacons
  • Converted trading ships to fighting ships
  • Provided soldiers
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14
Q

Who did Elizabeth put in charge of an expedition to attack which Spanish country?

A

Francis Drake to attack the West Indies

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15
Q

In what year did Francis Drake sail and with how many ships and men, when attacking the West Indies?

A

1585 with 30 ships and 2300 men

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16
Q

What were the 3 results of the attack on the West Indies to Drake and his men?

A
  • Heavy casualties and disease
  • Captured 2 wealthy towns
  • Came back with £30,000
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17
Q

What was Drake also called?

A

El Draque (the Dragon)

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18
Q

When did the raid on Cadiz in Spain happen?

A

April 1587

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19
Q

What was the point of the Cadiz attack?

A

To weaken Spain’s preparations for the war

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20
Q

What was the result of the Cadiz attack?

A
  • Heavy damage was inflicted on the Spanish ships
  • Portuguese vessels heading to Lisbon with materials were destroyed
  • Captured a treasure ship, the San Felipe, in Azores
  • Returned with £114,000
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21
Q

What was the Cadiz attack also known as?

A

The singeing of the King of Spain’s beard

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22
Q

What did the Spanish have to do after the Cadiz attack?

A

They couldn’t attack for another 12 months to receive all the materials again

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23
Q

What were the 5 steps of Philip’s initial plan?

A
  • Armada to sail through Channel to Calais
  • Duke of Parma to march army from Netherlands to Calais
  • Everyone travels from Calais to Kent
  • English Catholics will rebel
  • Elizabeth will be overthrown
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24
Q

How many troops were in the Duke of Parma’s army?

A

20,000

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25
Q

Why did the timing of the meet up have to be precise?

A

If Parma’s army was too early then they could easily be attacked by Dutch pirates

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26
Q

On what day, month and year did the Armada sail up to Calais?

A

21 July 1588

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27
Q

With how many ships and men did the Armada depart?

A

130 ships with 17000 men

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28
Q

What formation did the Armada have?

A

A crescent formation

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29
Q

Where did the English fleet depart from and for how many days did they follow he Armada?

A

Plymouth and followed them for 8 days

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30
Q

What did Philip instruct his commander to do, which was not possible because the English were at a distance?

A

He told them to go close up so they could board and capture the English ships

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31
Q

What happened on 6 August?

A

Spanish ships reached Calais harbour and dropped anchor

32
Q

Who was the English commander?

A

Lord Charles Howard

33
Q

What did Lord Howard order on the night of the 6th August?

A

He ordered them to fill eight unmanned ships with inflammable materials like tar and gunpowder

34
Q

Around what time were the ships set on fire, with the winds carrying the towards to the harbour?

A

Midnight

35
Q

How did the Spanish sailors react to the fireships coming towards them?

A

They pulled up or cut their anchors in panic, losing their tight battle formation

36
Q

What coast was the Armada blown towards?

A

The Netherlands

37
Q

What did the loss of the anchors and the use of the fireships mean for the Armada?

A

They could not shelter in harbours and could no longer link up with Parma’s army

38
Q

At daylight on 8 August, who gave the order to attack?

A

Lord Howard

39
Q

What was the event on 8 August called?

A

Battle of Gravelines

40
Q

What conditions was the Battle of Gravelines fought under? (2)

A
  • Rough seas
  • Bad visibility
41
Q

How many Spanish soldiers were killed?

A

1000

42
Q

How many English soldiers were killed?

A

50

43
Q

What words were scribed onto the medal after the defeat of the Armada?

A

God blew and they were scattered?

44
Q

What happened to the course of wind on 9 August?

A

It changed direction

45
Q

What did the change of direction mean for the Spanish?

A

They had to make their way back around Scotland and Ireland

46
Q

How did the English respond to the change of route for the Spanish?

A

They gave Chas for a while but turned back after they ran short of supplies

47
Q

How many ships struggled back to Spanish ports by the end of the year?

A

80 ships

48
Q

What happened to thousands of Spanish soldiers? (2)

A
  • Drowned
  • Killed by the local inhabitants
49
Q

How many days after the Battle of Gravelines did Elizabeth appear at Tilbury, with her famous speech?

A

11 days

50
Q

Who was John Hawkins?

A

The naval commander of the English ships

51
Q

What was Lord Charles Howard’s other title?

A

Earl of Nottingham

52
Q

What was Howard made by Elizabeth in 1585?

A

Lord High Admiral

53
Q

Who were the 3 main leaders of the defeat of the Spanish Armada?

A

Francis Drake, Lord Charles Howard and John Hawkins

54
Q

Why did Philip appoint Duke of Medina Sidonia as the commander of the Armada?

A

His first choice died in 1587

55
Q

What did Duke of Medina Sidonia suffer from?

A

Seasickness

56
Q

Did the Duke of Medina Sidonia have naval background?

A

No

57
Q

How many ships did the English have?

A

194 ships

58
Q

How many ships did the Spanish have?

A

151

59
Q

What type and how many weapons did the English have?

A

2000 cannons and smaller guns

60
Q

What type and how many weapons did the Spanish have?

A

2000 cannon

61
Q

How many sailors did the English have?

A

14000

62
Q

How many of 30,000 men that fought for the Spanish were actually experienced sailors?

A

8,000

63
Q

How many soldiers did the English have?

A

20,000

64
Q

Where were the English soldiers mainly situated? (3)

A
  • Tilbury
  • Essex
  • Kent
65
Q

How many soldiers did the Spanish have (who were they)?

A

20000, but it was just Parma’s army

66
Q

Who had designed a new type of English battleship?

A

John Hawkins

67
Q

Which battleships were easier to manoeuvre and faster?

A

The English battleships

68
Q

What were the qualities of the Spanish battleships? (2)

A
  • Tall
  • Heavy
69
Q

Why type of battleships did the Spanish use?

A

Galleons

70
Q

What were the qualities of the Spanish cannons? (2)

A
  • Heavier
  • Shorter range
71
Q

What were the Spanish cannons designed to do?

A

Fire once

72
Q

How did the English inflict so much damage upon the Spanish?

A

Their guns could fire consecutively

73
Q

Were both the admirals on each side experienced sea captains?

A

Yes

74
Q

Why was Parma’s army a week’s walk away when the Armada had already arrived?

A

They were held up by rebels at Dunkirk

75
Q

Who army was the best trained and equipped in Europe?

A

The Spanish

76
Q

Why did England have the upper hand, even though they did not have a permanent and regular army?

A

All able-bodied men received annual training, in case a situation like this emerged

Elizabethan Era (6 decks)

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