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Elizabethan Era > Leisure, Education And The Problem Of The Poor > Flashcards

Leisure, Education And The Problem Of The Poor Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 types of people fit into the group of gentlemen?

A

Nobles, lords and gentry

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2
Q

What 3 types of people fit into the group of citizens and burgesses?

A

Lawyers, master craftsmen and merchants

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3
Q

Who were Yeomen (another group of people)?

A

Farmers who owned their own land

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4
Q

What 4 types of people fit into the fourth sort?

A

Farm labourers, servants, shopkeepers, craftspeople, the poor and the unemployed

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5
Q

What group did the majority of people belong to?

A

The fourth sort

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6
Q

What opportunities were there for the better off to increase their wealth and social status? (5)

A
  • Education
  • Buying land
  • Moving into trade and commerce
  • Following a career into court or government
  • Marrying into the class above
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7
Q

What were houses starting to be built more out of, even though most of them were made out of wood?

A

Stone and brick

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8
Q

Do many houses have rooms on several floors?

A

Yes

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9
Q

What panels are there on the walls to keep them warm?

A

Oak panels

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10
Q

What 2 things were hung on walls?

A
  • Tapestries
  • Painted cloths
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11
Q

Do people have more furniture now?

A

Yes

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12
Q

What are spoons now made of, instead of wood?

A

Silver and pewter

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13
Q

What mattresses do they sleep on rather than straw?

A

Feather mattresses

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14
Q

What do they have under their heads at night, instead of logs?

A

Place pillows

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15
Q

For which group of people were inns and taverns an important part of everyday life?

A

The lower classes

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16
Q

Was tobacco expensive?

A

Yes

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17
Q

Which group of people particularly gambled on the outcome of sports like bear baiting?

A

The poorest classes

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18
Q

What was bear baiting?

A

It was to chain a bear against another dog and see who won

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19
Q

What feast days were celebrated then? (3)

A
  • Saints’ Days
  • May Day
  • Plough Monday
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20
Q

Between which groups were archery and fishing popular?

A

All groups

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21
Q

What sports did the fourth sort take part in? (3)

A
  • Wrestling
  • Running
  • Football
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22
Q

What sports did gentlemen take part in?

A
  • Fencing
  • Tennis
  • Bowls
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23
Q

What did gentlemen most likely own?

A

Translations of famous Greek and Roman texts

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24
Q

Which 2 groups generally attended theatres?

A
  • Gentlemen
  • The fourth sort
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25
Q

Which groups took part in hunting?

A

All classes

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26
Q

Which 2 animals did the upper classes generally hunt for?

A
  • Deer
  • Hawking
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27
Q

What animal were the fourth sort more likely to hunt for?

A

Rabbit

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28
Q

Who did nobles employ?

A

Household musicians

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29
Q

What did the gentry buy and organise?

A

They bout madrigal songbooks an organised musical evenings

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30
Q

What did the fourth sort sing?

A

Ballads, with some of their own words

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31
Q

Why was there not a single theatre when Elizabeth became Queen?

A

Many authorities thought travelling actors were a threat to the law and should be punished as vagabonds

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32
Q

Give an example of one powerful noble who protected groups of actors and ensured their plays continued to be performed.

A

Earl of Leicester

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33
Q

When did the first theatre open in London?

A

1576

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34
Q

Who was the first theatre built by and what was it called?

A

James Burbage and it was called the Theatre

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35
Q

Which theatre was built in 1577?

A

The Curtain

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36
Q

Which theatre was built in 1587?

A

The Rose

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37
Q

When was the Globe built?

A

1599

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38
Q

How much was the cost to stand in the pit?

A

One penny

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39
Q

What were the people who stood in the pit called?

A

Groundlings

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40
Q

What happened to the groundlings if it rained?

A

They got wet

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41
Q

How many pennies did it cost to stand/sit in a covered gallery?

A

2 or 3 pennies

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42
Q

Where did the upper class sit?

A

Stools on the stage

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43
Q

Who were the most imposing actors then? (2)

A

Richard Burbage and Edward Allen

44
Q

What were the 3 reasons for opposition of theatres for some Elizabethans?

A

It encouraged:
- Idleness
- Spread disease
- Create unrest

45
Q

What did Puritans believed about theatres?

A

It was the work of the devil

46
Q

Who asked the Privy Council to control the theatres?

A

Lord Mayor of London

47
Q

How did the Councillors respond to the request of shutting down theatres?

A

They were only prepared to close them when plague was a threat

48
Q

In 1572, how much did the Queen tip the Lord Chamberlain’s men when they performed for her in Court?

A

£3

49
Q

In what year was censorship introduced?

A

1572

50
Q

What did all acting companies have to have?

A

A royal licence

51
Q

Who did all the play scripts go to?

A

The Master of Revels

52
Q

What was the Master of Revels responsible for?

A

Coordinating all theatrical entertainment at Court before they were performed

53
Q

How often were theatres expected to put on a new play?

A

Every few days

54
Q

In Elizabeth’s reign, could the majority of people afford to send their children to school?

A

No

55
Q

By the end of Elizabeth’s reign, what percentage of men and women could read/write?

A

30% of men and fewer than 10% of women

56
Q

Were the majority of the gentry and yeomen literate or illiterate?

A

Literate

57
Q

Who benefitted the most from educational opportunities?

A

Boys from well-off families

58
Q

What was used to discipline people who had not done their work or broken a rule?

A

Birch rods to beat people

59
Q

Could bright boys from lower classes go to grammar school or university?

A

Yes. They could go to uni with financial support.

60
Q

What fraction of the students graduating from Oxford and Cambridge were from the lower classes?

A

2/3

61
Q

Give an example of a boy from a lower class who went to Cambridge.

A

Christopher Marlowe was the son of a cobbler, who won a scholarship to go to Corpus Christi College, Cambridge

62
Q

What ages went to Parish/Petty Schools?

A

Ages 4 to 7

63
Q

What happened in a Parish School?

A

They were taught to read and write as preparation for grammar school

64
Q

Was there at least a small number of girls who went to grammar school?

A

Yes

65
Q

What could Parish schools be attached to? (3)

A

A grammar school, the village church, local woman’s house

66
Q

What was the local woman’s house also called?

A

Dame schools

67
Q

Who would most likely go to a grammar school? (3)

A

Sons of gentry, merchants and yeomen

68
Q

What ages went to grammar schools?

A

7 to 15

69
Q

How many new grammar schools were founded in Elizabeth’s reign?

A

72

70
Q

What subjects were mainly taught? (2)

A
  • Latin
  • Greek
71
Q

Which two schools were the earliest independent/public schools?

A

Winchester and Eton

72
Q

What language were all the lessons taught in at these public schools?

A

Latin

73
Q

What was there more emphasis on in public schools? (3)

A

Conduct, courtesy and etiquette

74
Q

What did all degrees at uni involve? (8)

A
  • Grammar
  • Rhetoric
  • Logic
  • Maths
  • Music
  • Theology
  • Astronomy
  • Geometry
75
Q

What did most undergraduates choose to specialise in?

A

Law

76
Q

Who used law as a traditional route into professions?

A

Non-noble classes

77
Q

How was a gentlemen distinguishable from the lower classes? (3)

A
  • Could speak and write proper English
  • Knowledge of French and Latin
  • Correct social etiquette
78
Q

How did the number of students entering the top two universities changed?

A

The numbers increased, as people began to understand the importance of education

79
Q

Where were sons and daughters of the nobility first educated and by who?

A

At home by a private tutor

80
Q

At age 15, what would sons of the nobility do? (2)

A

They may go to uni or attend one of the new public schools

81
Q

Where were the lower classes taught to read and write first by who?

A

Their masters at their place of work

82
Q

What was one method of agriculture that farmer switched to and why?

A

Enclosing land with sheep on it instead of growing crops because labours did not have to be employed to work the land

83
Q

What happened to the village labourers when farmers switched to other methods of agriculture? (2)

A

They lost their jobs and homes and moved to towns hoping to find work

84
Q

What is rack-renting and what was the result of this on farmers?

A

Having the rent excessively high which meant many farmers could not afford to pay these higher rents and moved to towns

85
Q

What was the only important industry in the 1500s?

A

The cloth trade, where English woollen cloth was exported to Europe

86
Q

When did the cloth trade collapse and what was the result of this?

A

1550s meaning thousands of people lost their jobs

87
Q

Why had the population nearly fallen by half in 1348-49?

A

The Black Death

88
Q

After 1570, what began to rise more steeply?

A

Price of food

89
Q

What did most historians believe the reason for inflation was? (2)

A

There was an increase in demand for some goods, because of the growing population and an inability to produce enough.

90
Q

When did Henry VIII order the debasement of the coinage?

A

1540s

91
Q

What is the debasement of the coinage?

A

Melting down coins to decrease the quantity of gold/silver in it

92
Q

How was the debasement of the coinage beneficial to Henry VIII?

A

He made himself nearly a million pounds

93
Q

What was the result of the debasement of the coinage on merchants and shopkeepers? (2)

A

They did not trust the value of the coin and so they began to put up prices

94
Q

How did the Dissolution of the Monasteries affect the number of people in poverty?

A

The homeless and the unemployed could no longer go there for food and shelter so numbers increased

95
Q

What did Puritans feel very strongly about?

A

The importance of hard work

96
Q

What did many landowners do as Poor Relief?

A

They gave gifts of money and food to the poor

97
Q

Did Elizabeth have a permanent army to deal with rebellions?

A

No

98
Q

What part of society were large numbers of beggars wandering around a threat to?

A

The social hierarchy

99
Q

In what way did people think diseases were spread?

A

Through wandering vagabonds

100
Q

At this point, was there a police force to catch criminals?

A

No

101
Q

What did the Doxy do? (3)

A

The Doxy carried a bag where she hid things she stole, often knitted while begging

102
Q

What happened to children of convicted beggars?

A

They were to placed in domestic service

103
Q

What were the Local Justices of the Peace ordered to do? (3)

A
  • Keep a register of the poor in the parish
  • Raise a poor rate to pay for food
  • Provide shelter
104
Q

When was the Act for the Relief of the Poor made a law?

A

1576

105
Q

What did the Act for the Relief of the Poor say? (2)

A
  • Towns were required to find work for sturdy beggars
  • If they refused this offer, they were sent to a House of Correction

Elizabethan Era (6 decks)

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